A New VISTA on combination therapy for negative checkpoint regulator blockade

Jie Deng,
Isabelle Le MercierEmail author,
Anna Kuta and
Randolph J. NoelleEmail author

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer20164:86

DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0190-5

Received: 12 July 2016

Accepted: 7 November 2016

Published: 20 December 2016

Abstract

Negative checkpoint regulators function to restrain T cell responses to maintain tolerance and limit immunopathology. However, in the setting of malignancy, these pathways work in concert to promote immune-mediate escape leading to the development of a clinically overt cancer. In the recent years, clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of blocking antibodies against these molecules have invigorated the field of immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the current understanding on established NCR blockade and how strategic combination therapy with anti-VISTA antibody can be used to target multiple non-redundant NCR pathways.