CIENCIASMEDICASNEWS: Unexpected mutations after CRISPR gene-editing experiments

sábado, 3 de junio de 2017

Unexpected mutations after CRISPR gene-editing experiments | BioEdge

Unexpected mutations after CRISPR gene-editing experiments

Unexpected mutations after CRISPR gene-editing

by Xavier Symons | 3 Jun 2017 |

A study lead by investigators at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) suggests that CRISPR gene-editing technology can introduce hundreds of unintended mutations into the human genome.

The study, which has sparked concerns about the negative effects of gene-editing interventions, involved researchers sequenced the entire genome of mice that had undergone CRISPR gene editing in previous study into blindness. Researchers looked for all mutations, including those that only altered a single nucleotide.

According to Kellie Schaefer, a Stanford PhD student and co-author of the study, the genomes of two independent gene therapy recipients had sustained more than 1,500 single-nucleotide mutations and more than 100 larger deletions and insertions. The earlier study had successfully corrected for blindness in the mice, but none of the DNA mutations were predicted by computer algorithms that are widely used by researchers to look for off-target effects.

Similar studies in the past have involved the use of computer algorithms to identify areas most likely to be affected off-target mutations; these areas are then examined for deletions and insertions. Yet this method has the weakness of missing anomalous mutations in unexpected areas of the genome.

“Researchers who aren’t using whole genome sequencing to find off-target effects may be missing potentially important mutations,” said Dr. Stephen Tsang, and opthomologist and geneticist who was a co-author of the study. “Even a single nucleotide change can have a huge impact.”

The researchers didn’t notice anything obviously wrong with their animals, and remained positive about the potential of CRISPR technology. They did, nevertheless, suggest that whole-genome sequencing should be used by others to determine the safety and accuracy of their CRISPR gene-editing methods.

Saturday, June 3, 2017

Now that President Donald Trump has backed out of the Paris Climate Change agreement, employment prospects for bioethicists may pick up. Let me explain

The boundaries of bioethics are very elastic, and on some maps they take in care for the natural environment. I would predict that in the measure that scientists lose faith in a political solution to global warming, some will back geoengineering projects to cool the planet.

These include tactics such as injecting aerosols into the upper atmosphere, dumping iron filings into the sea to promote algal blooms, and machines to capture carbon dioxide. These involve significant risk and place great power in the calculations of technocrats. They need to be studied very carefully. As University of Chicago climate scientist Raymond Pierrehumbert said a few years ago, “I see lots [of geoengineering ideas] that are feasible but they all terrify me.”

A 2010 conference on the ethics of climate intervention at Asilomar, in California, addressed some of these issues using principles drawn from the famous Belmont principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-malificence and justice. And who knows more about these than bioethicists? Dust off those resumés.