miRNA in a multiomic context for diagnosis, treatment monitoring and personalized management of metastatic breast cancer.

Zubor P1,2, Kubatka P2,3, Dankova Z2, Gondova A1, Kajo K4,5, Hatok J6, Samec M1,2, Jagelkova M1,2, Krivus S1, Holubekova V2, Bujnak J7,8, Laucekova Z1, Zelinova K1,2, Stastny I1,2, Nachajova M1, Danko J1, Golubnitschaja O9,10,11.

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Abstract

Metastatic breast cancer is characterized by aggressive spreading to distant organs. Despite huge multilevel research, there are still several important challenges that have to be clarified in the management of this disease. Therefore, recent investigations have implemented a modern, multiomic approach with the aim of identifying specific biomarkers for not only early detection but also to predict treatment responses and metastatic spread. Specific attention is paid to short miRNAs, which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Aberrant miRNA expression could initiate cancer development, cell proliferation, invasion, migration, metastatic spread or drug resistance. An miRNA signature is, therefore, believed to be a promising biomarker and prediction tool that could be utilized in all phases of carcinogenesis. This article offers comprehensive information about miRNA profiles useful for diagnostic and treatment purposes that may sufficiently advance breast cancer management and improve individual outcomes in the near future.