Familial Transmission of emm12 Group A Streptococcus

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To the Editor: We read with interest the recent research letter by Duployez et al. describing a cluster of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) infections in a cohabiting couple in their 60s (1). The report illustrates the increased risk of infection for persons living in a household with someone with iGAS infection. We write to draw readers’ attention to our recent study, which adds to the body of evidence on the risk of household transmission of iGAS (2).

Population-based studies from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, based on 13 household clusters, assessed the risk of transmitting iGAS infection through household contact (3). We identified an additional 24 household clusters in England using addresses captured through national surveillance in 2009 and 2011–2013. For all 12 clusters in which emm typing was performed on both patients, results were the same for both. All secondary cases occurred within 1 month of the index case (median 2 days). Among contacts, the 30-day incidence rate was 4,520/100,000 person-years, 1,940 times higher than the background incidence (2.34/100,000 person-years). Spouses and partners ≥75 years of age (6 pairs) were at particularly high risk for developing infection; incidence was estimated at 15,000 (95% CI 5,510–32,650)/100,000 person-years, 1,650 times higher than the background risk in this age group (9.09/100,000, 95% CI 5,510–32,650). These data resulted in an estimated number needed to treat of 82 (46–417).

Duployez’s article also highlights differences between countries in policies for antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis. National guidance for public health management of community iGAS infection is being revised in the United Kingdom; oral penicillin V is currently recommended as the first choice for chemoprophylaxis (4). However, questions remain about the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis and the practicalities of timely administration to benefit others in a household, given that 38% of pairs were co-primary cases or had only 1 day between initial and subsequent infections.

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Rachel Mearkle

, Sooria Balasegaram, Shiranee Sriskandan, Vicki Chalker, and Theresa Lamagni

Author affiliations: Public Health England, Chilton, UK (R. Mearkle); Public Health England, London, UK (S. Balasegaram, V. Chalker, T. Lamagni); Imperial College, London, UK (S. Sriskandan)

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References

Duployez C, Vachée A, Robineau O, Giraud F, Deny A, Senneville E, et al. Familial transmission of emm12 group A Streptococcus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23:1745–6. DOI PubMed
Duployez C, Vachée A, Robineau O, Giraud F, Deny A, Senneville E, et al. Familial transmission of emm12 group A Streptococcus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23:1745–6. DOI PubMed
Mearkle R, Saavedra-Campos M, Lamagni T, Usdin M, Coelho J, Chalker V, et al. Household transmission of invasive group A Streptococcus infections in England: a population-based study, 2009, 2011 to 2013. Euro Surveill. 2017;22:30532. DOI PubMed
Lamagni TL, Oliver I, Stuart JM. Global assessment of invasive group a streptococcus infection risk in household contacts. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60:166–7. DOI PubMed
Health Protection Agency, Group A Streptococcus Working Group. Interim UK guidelines for management of close community contacts of invasive group A streptococcal disease. Commun Dis Public Health. 2004;7:354–61.PubMed