Family History and Breast Cancer Risk Among Older Women in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium Cohort.

Braithwaite D1, Miglioretti DL2,3, Zhu W3, Demb J1, Trentham-Dietz A4, Sprague B5, Tice JA6, Onega T7, Henderson LM8, Buist DSM3, Ziv E6, Walter LC6, Kerlikowske K6; Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium.

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Abstract

IMPORTANCE:

First-degree family history is a strong risk factor for breast cancer, but controversy exists about the magnitude of the association among older women.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether first-degree family history is associated with increased risk of breast cancer among older women, and identify whether the association varies by breast density.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

Prospective cohort study between 1996 and 2012 from 7 Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) registries located in New Hampshire, North Carolina, San Francisco Bay area, western Washington state, New Mexico, Colorado, and Vermont. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 6.3 (3.2) years, 10 929 invasive breast cancers were diagnosed in a cohort of 403 268 women 65 years and older with data from 472 220 mammography examinations. We estimated the 5-year cumulative incidence of invasive breast cancer by first-degree family history, breast density, and age groups. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to estimate the association of first-degree family history with risk of invasive breast cancer (after adjustment for breast density, BCSC registry, race/ethnicity, body mass index, postmenopausal hormone therapy use, and benign breast disease for age groups 65 to 74 years and 75 years and older, separately). Data analyses were performed between June 2016 and June 2017.

EXPOSURE:

First-degree family history of breast cancer.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:

Incident breast cancer.

RESULTS:

In 403 268 women 65 years and older, first-degree family history was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among women ages 65 to 74 years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.35-1.61) and 75 years and older (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.28-1.62). Estimates were similar for women 65 to 74 years with first-degree relative's diagnosis age younger than 50 years (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.25-1.73) vs 50 years and older (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.17-1.51) and for women ages 75 years and older with the relative's diagnosis age younger than 50 years (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.05-1.63) vs 50 years and older (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.33-1.81). Among women ages 65 to 74 years, the risk associated with first-degree family history was highest among those with fatty breasts (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.27-2.21), whereas in women 75 years and older the risk associated with family history was highest among those with dense breasts (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.29-1.87).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:

First-degree family history was associated with increased risk of invasive breast cancer in all subgroups of older women irrespective of a relative's age at diagnosis.