Basket Studies: Redefining Clinical Trials in the Era of Genome-Driven Oncology.

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Abstract

Understanding a tumor's detailed molecular profile has become increasingly necessary to deliver the standard of care for patients with advanced cancer. Innovations in both tumor genomic sequencing technology and the development of drugs that target molecular alterations have fueled recent gains in genome-driven oncology care. "Basket studies," or histology-agnostic clinical trials in genomically selected patients, represent one important research tool to continue making progress in this field. We review key aspects of genome-driven oncology care, including the purpose and utility of basket studies, biostatistical considerations in trial design, genomic knowledge-base development, and patient matching and enrollment models, which are critical for translating our genomic knowledge into clinically meaningful outcomes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine Volume 69 is January 29, 2018. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.