It's the Latest Diet Craze, But Is It Safe?

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Wednesday, November 22, 2017

WEDNESDAY, Nov. 22, 2017 (HealthDay News) -- What if you could have your cake, eat it, too, and lose weight?

A nutritional fad called CICO -- short for "Calories In, Calories Out" -- promises just that for those looking to shed some pounds.

The pitch is straightforward: Eat whatever you want, junk food included, and still shrink your waistline -- as long as every day you expend more calories than you consume.

It's a simplified approach to eating that essentially views fruits and vegetables through the same prism as candies and soda. All that matters is the total caloric tally.

Perhaps not surprisingly, many nutrition experts disagree.

"Being healthy isn't just about weight loss alone," noted Lona Sandon, program director and assistant professor of clinical nutrition at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. "You have to consider the whole package."

Sandon acknowledged that those who adopt a CICO approach to eating "might actually lose weight." But there's a downside: "nutrient deficiencies or even malnutrition," she warned.

"You may not be providing all the nutrients your body needs if you are not paying attention to the types of foods you are putting in your body," Sandon said. "This could mean osteoporosis later in life, increased risk of cancer, heart disease, etcetera."

Samantha Heller, senior clinical nutritionist at New York University Medical Center, agreed.

"We are so obsessed with weight loss and being thin that we have lost sight of the fact that being healthy is everything," she said.

"It is far more important to eat healthy foods like broccoli, edamame, pecans, berries, pasta and olive oil than go on some crazy weight-loss fad diet," Heller said.

"Severely restricting calories or food groups, along with rapid weight loss, are likely to backfire for many reasons, and the dieter will be left feeling frustrated," she added.

Heller said research also suggests that weight cycling -- yo-yo dieting -- may "increase the risk for more problems down the road, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease."

In fact, added dietitian Connie Diekman, "weight loss, in an unhealthy way, is never a good idea." She's director of university nutrition at Washington University in St. Louis.

"Managing calories to achieve weight loss is important, but if important nutrients are missing, then muscle mass will decline, bone health, mental acuity and many other essential functions will be compromised," Diekman said.

"As a registered dietitian, I constantly remind my clients that weight is not about the number on the scale," she added. "It is about healthy muscle mass and body fat distribution."

But if CICO isn't the answer, what is?

Sandon pointed out that "canned diet plans rarely work and are hard to stick with."

Instead, she advocates forgoing the "quick-fix mentality" in favor of a long-term resolution to embrace a "combination of healthy eating and exercise."

For example, Sandon said, "Reduce calories by cutting back on portion sizes or use pre-portioned foods, such as frozen meals, to cut back on total food intake."

In addition, "exercise regularly and consistently. By regularly, I mean at least five to six days per week, and consistently meaning week after week after week," she said.

"Include both cardiovascular exercise -- such as walking briskly enough to get short of breath, or running, biking, swimming -- and resistance exercises. To lose weight with exercise, aim for 300 to 400 minutes per week," Sandon added.

Diekman agreed that eating healthier is a "process that involves learning healthier food choices, appropriate portions and regular activity."

She suggested that "if you are getting started now, just before the holidays, set small-step goals -- [like] 'I'll eat a few more veggies,' 'I'll eat a spoonful less' or similar steps -- allowing you to enjoy the holidays, but shifting to a focus on better lifestyle goals."

Said Heller: "When we shift to a healthier eating pattern and lifestyle, we are also more likely to reach and maintain a healthy weight."

SOURCES: Samantha Heller, M.S., R.D., senior clinical nutritionist, New York University Medical Center, New York City; Lona Sandon, Ph.D., R.D.N., program director and assistant professor, department of clinical nutrition, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Connie Diekman, R.D., M.Ed., director, university nutrition, Washington University, St. Louis

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