Comprehensive genomic profiling of lung cancer using a validated panel to explore therapeutic targets in East Asian patients.

Liu L1,2, Liu J3, Shao D3,4, Deng Q1,2, Tang H1,2, Liu Z3, Chen X1,5, Guo F3, Lin Y6, Mao M3, Kristiansen K3,4, Ye M3,4, He J1,5.

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Abstract

People of East Asian ethnicity show unique clinical characteristics, tumour histology, and different prevalence of oncogenic mutations. However, only limited studies have explored the landscape of genomic alterations in lung adenocarcinoma derived from Asian patients thus far. In this single centre study, with an aim to elucidate the mutational profile of lung cancer in people of Chinese ethnicity and to use the obtained information to guide decision making for treatment, we employed a well-validated assay to perform comprehensive genomic characterization of tumour specimens from 306 Chinese lung cancer patients. A total of 845 individual genomic alterations were found in 145 tumour-related genes with a median of 2.8 alterations (range: 1-18) per sample. The most frequently mutated genes were EGFR (46.7%), TP53 (21.2%), ALK (12.1%; 8.8% of mutation and 3.3% of rearrangement), and KRAS (10.1%). Upon comparison with the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, we found that EGFR was mutated at a much higher frequency in our cohort than in Caucasians, whereas KRAS was only found in 10.1% of our Chinese patients. Clinically relevant genomic alterations were identified in 185 (60.5%) patients including 50% in adenocarcinoma patients and 14% in squamous cell carcinoma patients. Our findings suggest that the Asian ethnicity is significantly different from the Caucasian ethnicity with regard to the presence of somatic driver mutations. Furthermore, we showed that the use of a comprehensive genotyping approach could help identify actionable genomic alterations that have potential impact on therapeutic decisions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.