Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
The immune system in cancer metastasis: friend or foe?
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer20175:79
© The Author(s). 2017
Received: 9 June 2017
Accepted: 5 September 2017
Published: 17 October 2017
Abstract
Metastatic disease is the leading cause of death among cancer patients and involves a complex and inefficient process. Every step of the metastatic process can be rate limiting and is influenced by non-malignant host cells interacting with the tumor cell. Over a century ago, experiments first indicated a link between the immune system and metastasis. This phenomenon, called concomitant immunity, indicates that the primary tumor induces an immune response, which may not be sufficient to destroy the primary tumor, but prevents the growth of a secondary tumor or metastases. Since that time, many different immune cells have been shown to play a role in both inhibiting and promoting metastatic disease. Here we review classic and new observations, describing the links between the immune system and metastasis that inform the development of cancer therapies.
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