Learning Disorders
Also called: Learning differences, Learning disabilities
National Institutes of Health
What is a learning disorder?
Learning disorders are conditions that affect the ability to learn. They can cause problems with
- Understanding what people are saying
- Speaking
- Reading
- Writing
- Doing math
- Paying attention
Often, children have more than one kind of learning disorder. They may also have another condition, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which can make learning even more of a challenge.
What causes learning disorders?
Learning disabilities don't have anything to do with intelligence. They are caused by differences in the brain, and they affect the way the brain processes information. These differences are usually present from birth. Some of the factors that can contribute to the development of a learning disorder include genetics, environmental exposures (such as lead), and problems during pregnancy (such as the mother's substance abuse).
How do I know if my child has a learning disorder?
The earlier you can find and treat a learning disorder, the better. Unfortunately, learning disorders are usually not recognized until a child reaches school age. If you notice that your child is struggling, talk to your child's teacher or health care provider about an evaluation for a learning disorder. The evaluation may include a medical exam, a discussion of family history, and intellectual and school performance testing.
What are the treatments for learning disorders?
The most common treatment for learning disabilities is special education. A teacher or other learning specialist can help your child learn skills by building on strengths and finding ways to make up for weaknesses. Educators may provide special teaching methods, make changes to the classroom, or use technologies that can assist your child's learning needs. Sometimes tutors or speech or language therapists also work with the children.
A child with a learning disability may struggle with low self-esteem, frustration, and other problems. Mental health professionals can help your child understand these feelings, develop coping tools, and build healthy relationships.
If your child has another condition such as ADHD, he or she will need treatments for that condition as well.
NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Children with Learning Disorders (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
Keeping Up in School? Identifying Learning Problems 
(National Institutes of Health)- Learning Disabilities (Nemours Foundation)
- Learning Disabilities (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)Also in Spanish
- Learning Disorders: Know the Signs, How to Help(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)Also in Spanish
- Types of Learning Problems (American Academy of Pediatrics)Also in Spanish
- What Are Learning Disabilities? (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)Also in Spanish
- What Are the Symptoms of Learning Disabilities? (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)Also in Spanish
- How Are Learning Disabilities Diagnosed? (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)Also in Spanish
- What Are the Treatments for Learning Disabilities? (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)Also in Spanish
- How Learning Problems Are Managed (American Academy of Pediatrics)Also in Spanish
- Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)Also in Spanish
- Interventions for Learning Disorders (American Academy of Pediatrics)Also in Spanish
- Dysgraphia (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
- Dyslexia (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
- Gerstmann's Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
- What Are Reading Disorders? (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)Also in Spanish
- Genetics Home Reference: 47,XYY syndrome (National Library of Medicine)
- Genetics Home Reference: Aarskog-Scott syndrome (National Library of Medicine)
- Genetics Home Reference: triple X syndrome (National Library of Medicine)
- Percentage of Children Aged 5--17 Years Ever Receiving a Diagnosis of Learning Disability, United States, 2007--2009 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Dyslexia (National Institutes of Health)
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Learning Disorders (National Institutes of Health)
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Specific Learning Disorder (National Institutes of Health)
- Article: Peer support systems and professional identity of student nurses undertaking...
- Article: Health promotion for young people with profound and multiple learning...
- Article: Cognitive deficits and educational loss in children with schistosome infection-A...
- Learning Disorders -- see more articles
- Dyslexia (Nemours Foundation)Also in Spanish
- Learning Problems (Nemours Foundation)Also in Spanish
- Understanding Dyslexia (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)Also in Spanish
- Learning Disabilities (Nemours Foundation)
- Learning Disabilities and ADHD (Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health)
- Transition to Adulthood (Center for Parent Information and Resources)
- Understanding Dyslexia (Nemours Foundation)Also in Spanish
- Developmental reading disorder (Medical Encyclopedia)Also in Spanish
- Disorder of written expression (Medical Encyclopedia)Also in Spanish
- Mathematics disorder (Medical Encyclopedia)Also in Spanish
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