Childhood Vascular Tumors Treatment–Health Professional Version (PDQ®)

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Changes to this Summary (04/08/2016)

The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.

Benign Tumors

Added Darrow et al. and Darrow et al. (Executive Summary) asreferences 2 and 3, respectively.

Added Figure 1 depicting a child with a large segmental hemangioma in a bearded distribution.

Added Figure 2 depicting the typical appearance of a child with cutaneous congenital hemangioma at birth.

Added Lee et al. and Enjolras et al. as references 54 and 55, respectively.

Added Figure 3 depicting a single liver lesion (intrahepatic congenital hemangioma).

Added Yeh et al. as reference 59.

Added Figure 4 depicting diffuse liver lesions with classical imaging on magnetic resonance imaging.

Added Sundar Alagusundaramoorthy et al. as reference 62.

Revised text to state that the lesions can be seen in Maffucci syndrome (cutaneous spindle cell hemangiomas occurring with cartilaginous tumors, enchondromas) and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (capillary/lymphatico/venous malformations), generalized lymphatic anomalies, lymphedema, and organized thrombus. Also added Hoeger et al. as reference 66.

Added Guo et al. as reference 67.

Revised text to state that pyogenic granuloma, known as lobular capillary hemangioma, is a benign reactive lesion that can present at any age, including infancy, although it is most common in older children and young adults.

Intermediate Tumors (Locally Aggressive)

Added Figure 5 depicting a child with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon.

Added 2010 Fernandez-Pineda et al., Kai et al., Hammill et al., Blatt et al., 2013 Fernandez-Pineda et al., and Chiu et al. as references 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, respectively.

Added sirolimus as a treatment option for kaposiform hemangioendothelioma.

Added text about a prospective study that assessed the efficacy and safety of sirolimus for the treatment of complicated vascular anomalies (cited Adams et al. as reference 18).

Intermediate Tumors (Rarely Metastasizing)

Added Tamhankar et al. as reference 6.

Added text to state that cutaneous lesions initially appear as red, purple, or brown macules, later developing into plaques and then nodules.

Malignant Tumors

The Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma subsection was extensivey revised.

The Angiosarcoma of the Soft Tissue subsection was extensively revised.

This summary is written and maintained by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of NCI. The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or NIH. More information about summary policies and the role of the PDQ Editorial Boards in maintaining the PDQ summaries can be found on the About This PDQ Summary and PDQ® - NCI's Comprehensive Cancer Database pages.

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