Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors Treatment–Health Professional Version (PDQ®)

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Changes to This Summary (04/01/2016)

The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.

General Information About Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors (GCTs)

Added text to include tumor marker decline (alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin) in response to therapy as a circumstance affecting prognosis and prognostic factors for extracranial GCTs.

Added text about how data from five U.S. trials and two U.K. trials for malignant extracranial GCTs in children and adolescents were merged by the Malignant Germ Cell Tumor International Collaborative to better identify prognostic factors (cited Frazier et al. as reference 60 and level of evidence 3iiiDii).

Treatment of Malignant Gonadal GCTs in Children

Added text about the results of a Children's Oncology Group study of 80 boys younger than 15 years with stage I malignant testicular GCTs, including event-free survival and overall survival rates and favorable prognostic factors (cited Rescorla et al. as reference 9 and level of evidence 3iiA).

Added text about the results of a German study (MAHO 98) of 128 boys younger than 10 years with testis GCTs, mostly stage I, that evaluated surgery followed by observation.

Treatment of Malignant Extragonadal Extracranial GCTs in Children

Cited De Pasquale et al. as reference 14 and level of evidence 3iiA.

Treatment of Recurrent Malignant GCTs in Children

Added text to state that a small study demonstrated efficacy in adolescents and women with ovarian GCTs (cited Meisel et al. as reference 17 and level of evidence 3iiiA).

Added text about the Alliance A031102 (NCT02375204) clinical trial that is comparing conventional-dose chemotherapy with high-dose chemotherapy in patients with relapsed GCTs, including the purpose of the study, patient population, and the treatments being evaluated in this study.

This summary is written and maintained by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of NCI. The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or NIH. More information about summary policies and the role of the PDQ Editorial Boards in maintaining the PDQ summaries can be found on the About This PDQ Summary and PDQ® - NCI's Comprehensive Cancer Database pages.

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