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Difficulties in Schistosomiasis Assessment, Corsica, France - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Difficulties in Schistosomiasis Assessment, Corsica, France - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC





Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016

Letter

Difficulties in Schistosomiasis Assessment, Corsica, France

To the Editor: We would like to add some specification and clarification to the discussion regarding the diagnostics and case definitions for urinary schistosomiasis in travelers to Corsica, France (13). Evidence for aSchistosoma haematobium infection typically depends on the detection of viable ova in the urine. However, in regard to S. haematobium infections acquired in Corsica, several ova excreted by the first 2 published case-patients (i.e., the 12-year-old boy and his father) exhibited atypical morphology (4). Therefore, we supplemented our morphologic study with a molecular study of miracidia by using cytochrome c oxydase mitochondrial DNA barcoding and the internal transcribed spacer 2 gene.
The results indicated that the schistosome responsible for the infection of the first case-patient reported in Corsica was S. haematobium that had been introgressed by genes of zoonotic S. bovis through a hybridization process. S. bovis is the cause of bovine intestinal schistosomiasis and uses the same intermediate host (Bulinus truncatus snails) that S. haematobium uses (5). Such interactions between S. haematobium and S. bovis have also been reported in Benin (5). These findings imply that the clinical course of case-patients and diagnostic test results might be affected by atypical schistosomiasis. Whereas the boy in our study experienced a clinically typical schistosomal infection of the bladder, his father and his siblings, who had identical histories of exposure, were seropositive for S. haematobium but were asymptomatic (4).
We recommend that clinicians treat any suspected case of S. haematobium infection, whether or not the patient excretes ova, given that the disease is potentially serious and the indicated drug for treatment (praziquantel) is safe. Epidemiologic analyses should take into account the role of zoonotic S. bovisinfection and supplement parasitological investigations with molecular analyses (5,6).
Hélène Moné, Martha C. Holtfreter, Gabriel Mouahid, and Joachim RichterComments to Author 
Author affiliations: University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France (H. Moné, G. Mouahid); Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.C. Holtfreter, J. Richter)

References

  1. Beltrame AZammarchi LZuglian GGobbi FAngheben AMarchese VSchistosomiasis screening of travelers to Corsica, France. Emerg Infect Dis.2016;22:15960DOIPubMed
  2. Beltrame AZammarchi LZuglian GGobbi FAngheben AMarchese VSchistosomiasis screening of travelers from Italy with possible exposure in Corsica, France. Emerg Infect Dis2015;21:18879DOIPubMed
  3. Gautret PMockenhaupt FPvon Sonnenburg FRothe CLibman MVan De Winkel KLocal and international implications of schistosomiasis acquired in Corsica, France. Emerg Infect Dis2015;21:18658DOIPubMed
  4. Holtfreter MCMoné HMüller-Stöver IMouahid GRichter JSchistosoma haematobium infections acquired in Corsica, France, August 2013. Euro Surveill2014;19:20821DOIPubMed
  5. Moné HHoltfreter MCAllienne JFMintsa-Nguéma RIbikounlé MBoissier JIntrogressive hybridizations of Schistosoma haematobium bySchistosoma bovis at the origin of the first case report of schistosomiasis in Corsica (France, Europe). Parasitol Res2015;114:412733.DOIPubMed
  6. Berry AFillaux JMartin-Blondel GBoissier JIriart XMarchou BEvidence for a permanent presence of schistosomiasis in Corsica, France, 2015.Euro Surveill2016;21:30100DOIPubMed
Suggested citation for this article: Moné H, Holtfreter MC, Mouahid G, Richter J. Difficulties in schistosomiasis assessment, Corsica, France [letter]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Apr [date cited]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2204.160110


DOI: 10.3201/eid2204.160110

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