Antibiotic Resistance: Genomics & Public Health

Genomics|Update|Current

Antibiotic Resistance: Genomics & Public Health

CDC blog post: The end of antibiotics: can we come back from the brink? How can new genomic technologies help? By Tom Frieden, The Healthcare blog, May 5, 2014

World Health Organization: Global report on antibiotic resistance, April 2014

CDC report: Antibiotic resistance threat report 2013 

Evolution and transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis in a Russian population 
Casali N, et al. Nature Genet, Jan 26, 2014

Sequencing study reveals relationships, roots of resistance for Russian tuberculosis,Genomeweb, Jan 27 [by free subscription only]

Coping with antibiotic resistance: contributions from genomics
Gian Maria Rossolini et al. Genome Medicine (2010)

Genomics research: The underpinning of infectious disease prevention and control strategies
Public Health Genomics special issue (2013)

The power of genomics to tackle the threat of antibiotic resistance, by Leila Lehushi, PHG Foundation (2013)

Threat Report 2013

FY15 Detect and Protect Against Antibiotic Resistance Budget Initiative  [PDF - 689 KB]

This report, Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013gives a first-ever snapshot of the burden and threats posed by the antibiotic-resistant germs having the most impact on human health. 

Each year in the United States, at least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people die each year as a direct result of these infections. Many more people die from other conditions that were complicated by an antibiotic-resistant infection.

Antibiotic-resistant infections can happen anywhere. Data show that most happen in the general community; however, most deaths related to antibiotic resistance happen in healthcare settings such as hospitals and nursing homes.

What's in the Report

Foreword  [page 5]

Executive Summary  [page 6]

Section 1: The Threat of Antibiotic Resistance  [page 11]

• Introduction  [page 11]
• National Summary Data  [page 13]
• Cycle of Resistance Infographics  [page 14] 
• Minimum Estimates of Morbidity and Mortality from 
  Antibiotic-Resistant Infections  [page 15]
• Limitations of Estimating the Burden of Disease Associated 
  with Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria  [page 18]
• Assessment of Domestic Antibiotic-Resistant Threats  [page 20]
• Running Out of Drugs to Treat Serious Gram-Negative Infections  [page 22]
• People at Especially High Risk  [page 24]
• Antibiotic Safety  [page 25]
• Gaps in Knowledge of Antibiotic Resistance  [page 27]
• Developing Resistance: Timeline of Key Antibiotic Resistance Events  [page 28]

Section 2: Fighting Back Against Antibiotic Resistance  [page 31]

Four Core Actions to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance  [page 31]

• 1. Preventing Infections, Preventing the Spread of Resistance  [page 32]
  • •CDC's Work to Prevent Infections and Antibiotic Resistance
    in Healthcare Settings  [page 32]
  • • CDC's Work to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance in the Community  [page 34]
  • • CDC's Work to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance in Food  [page 36]

• 2. Tracking Resistance Patterns  [page 39]
• 3. Antibiotic Stewardship: Improving Prescribing, Improving Use  [page 41]
• 4. Developing New Antibiotics and Diagnostic Tests  [page 44]

Section 3: Current Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 
by Microorganism  [page 49]

Microorganisms with a Threat Level of Urgent

• 

  
  

  • Clostridium difficile  [page 51]

• 

  
  

  • Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae  [page 53]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae  [page 55]

Microorganisms with a Threat Level of Serious

• 

  
  

  • Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter  [page 59]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant Campylobacter  [page 61]

• 

  
  

  • Fluconazole-resistant Candida (a fungus)  [page 63]

• 

  
  

  • Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing 
    Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLs)  [page 65]

• 

  
  

  • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).  [page 67]

• 

  
  

  • Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa  [page 69]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella  [page 71]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi  [page 73]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant Shigella  [page 75]

• 

  
  

  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)  [page 77]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae  [page 79]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant tuberculosis  [page 81]

Microorganisms with a Threat Level of Concerning

• 

  
  

  • Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)  [page 85]

• 

  
  

  • Erythromycin-resistant Group A Streptococcus  [page 87]

• 

  
  

  • Clindamycin-resistant Group B Streptococcus  [page 89]

Technical Appendix  [page 93]

Glossary  [page 107]

Acknowledgements  [page 112]

Download the 2013 Report now »  [PDF - 114 pages 4.18mb]

Related Links

• CDC Feature: Untreatable: Today’s drug resistance health threats
• CDC Press Release: Untreatable: Report by CDC details today’s drug-resistant health threats Landmark report ranks superbugs, outlines four core actions to halt resistance
• Digital Press Kit: Untreatable: Today’s Drug-Resistant Health Threats
• CDC Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance Website
• Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance
• CDC Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work
• CDC Get Smart for Healthcare