CDC and Food Safety

Foodborne Illness Surveillance Systems

Each year, 1 in 6 Americans (or 48 million people) gets sick from and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases. Reducing foodborne illness by just 10% would keep 5 million Americans from getting sick each year. Preventing a single fatal case ofE. coli O157 infection would save an estimated $7 million.

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pie chart for Causes of illness in 1,335 single food outbreaks, 2003-2007. Data as follows: Poultry, 20.62%. Leafy greens, 13.88%. Beef, 10.36%. Dairy, 10.3%. Fruits, 10.02%. Vine (tomatoes, cucumbers) 9.77%.
Pork, 6.42%. Finfish, 5.06%. Other, 4.59%. Eggs, 3.05%. Mollusk, 3.04%. Grains - Beans, 2.89%.

Causes of illness in 1,565 single food commodity outbreaks, 2003–2008

Current food safety challenges

Challenges to food safety will continue to arise in unpredictable ways, largely due to:

Changes in our food production and supply
Changes in the environment leading to food contamination
Rising number of multistate outbreaks
New and emerging germs, toxins, and antibiotic resistance
New and different contaminated foods, such as prepackaged raw cookie dough, bagged spinach, and peanut butter, causing illness

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A food sleuth + a shopper card + a salami =
Successful investigation

A disease detective" is how CDC 's Casey Barton Behravesh described her role in tracking down the source of aSalmonellaoutbreak in 2010 that sickened more than 270 persons in more than 40 states. And what clue unlocked the mystery? Something most of us have in our wallets or on our key rings—a shopper card that you swipe at the grocery store. After the Washington State Department of Health discovered that many ill people shopped at one grocery store chain, they used shopper card information (with permission) to identify a food that all of the ill people had eaten: salami from one producer. A multistate investigation identified salami coated with pepper as the source, and the salami was recalled. Without violating the shoppers' privacy, the resourceful use of unconventional data helped CDC and its public health partners across the country more quickly identify the source of the problem and stop the outbreak.

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What is CDC's role in food safety?

Food safety depends on strong partnerships. CDC and the regulatory agencies (the Food and Drug Administration [FDA]

and the US Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service [FSIS]

) play complementary roles in the federal food safety effort. State and local health departments also play critical roles in all aspects of food safety.

CDC provides the vital link between illness in people and the food safety systems of government agencies and food producers.

CDC does this by:

Monitoring human illness — Tracking the occurrence of foodborne diseases
Defining the public health burden of foodborne illness
Attributing illness to specific foods and settings
Investigating outbreaks and sporadic cases — Managing the DNA "fingerprinting" network for foodborne illness - causing germs in all states to detect outbreaks
Empowering state and local health departments
Targeting prevention measures to meet long-term food safety goals
Informing food safety action and policy — The new Food Safety Modernization Act and theegg safety regulation were driven in part by CDC data and investigative findings.

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Germs (and some foods) responsible for most foodborne illness:

Campylobacter (poultry)
E. coli O157 (ground beef, leafy greens, raw milk)
Listeria (deli meats, unpasteurized soft cheeses, produce)
Salmonella (eggs, poultry, meat, produce)
Vibrio (raw oysters)
Norovirus in many foods (e.g., sandwiches, salads)
Toxoplasma (meats)

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Winnable battles in food safety

Decrease Salmonella and other food-related infections
Accelerate the public health response to foodborne illness at the local, national, and global levels

We're taking action:

Discovery—Tracking trends and risk factors, defining the burden, finding new pathogens and drug resistance, and attributing illness to specific foods
Innovation—Developing new tools, methods, and analytics in epidemiology, laboratory science, and environmental health
Implementation—Sharing new technology and information with local, state, and federal partners; improving communications with the public health community, industry, and consumers; and targeting information to guide policy

What's next:

Sentinel sites that are faster at responding to foodborne outbreaks
More effective methods to quickly identify, characterize, and fingerprint Salmonella and other food-related pathogens in public health laboratories
Improved integration of foodborne illness surveillance systems and expanded data sharing called for in the new food safety bill