Clinical Utility of Chromosome Genomic Array Testing for Unclassified and Advanced-Stage Renal Cell Carcinomas.

Andeen NK1, Qu X1, Antic T1, Tykodi SS1, Fang M1, Tretiakova MS1.

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Abstract

CONTEXT.—:

Cytogenomic analysis provides a useful adjunct to traditional pathology in the categorization of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), particularly in morphologically ambiguous cases, but it has disadvantages, including cost.

OBJECTIVE.—:

To define the clinical scenarios in which this technology has direct clinical applications.

DESIGN.—:

DNA was isolated from paraffin-embedded tissue from 40 selected cases of RCC. Chromosome genomic array testing was performed using the OncoScan.

RESULTS.—:

Of 23 cases of unclassified renal tumors, 19 (83%) were reclassified with incorporation of cytogenetic and histologic features, including 10 as clear cell RCC, 2 as collecting duct carcinoma, 2 as papillary RCC, and 1 as novel TFEB-amplified tumor lacking TFEB translocation. Of 5 tumors with "hybrid" oncocytic features, 3 were reclassified as an eosinophilic variant of chromophobe RCC and 1 as oncocytoma. Appropriate staging in 2 patients was determined by identifying distinct, nonshared cytogenetic profiles. Of 11 cases of metastatic clear cell RCC, 7 (63%) had cytogenetic features associated with a poor prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS.—:

We identified 5 scenarios in which chromosome genomic array testing has direct clinical utility: (1) to investigate unclassified RCCs, (2) to understand tumors with "hybrid" features and "collision" tumors, (3) to determine appropriate staging in questions of bilateral tumors and/or metastases, (4) to identify chromosomal aberrations in metastatic clear cell RCCs associated with a worse prognosis, and (5) to identify new entities. This has practical value in our institution, where a molecular profile diagnostically separating morphologically difficult to classify clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, and unclassified RCC influences treatment recommendations and clinical trial eligibility.