Inherited forms of bladder cancer: a review of lynch syndrome and other inherited conditions.

Phelan A1, Lopez-Beltran A2, Montironi R3, Zhang S1, Raspollini MR4, Cheng M1, Kaimakliotis HZ5, Koch MO5, Cheng L1,5.

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Abstract

Environmental factors that play a role in the urothelial carcinogenesis have been well characterized. Current research is continuously exploring potential heritable forms of bladder cancer. Lynch syndrome is a well-known inheritable disease that increases the risk for a variety of cancers, including urothelial carcinomas. Screening of patients with known Lynch syndrome is important to evaluate for development of new primary tumors. Further study may provide more information on what level of follow-up each patient needs. Recent data suggest that mismatch repair mutations confer a greater risk for urothelial cancer. Additional large patient series as well as advancement of molecular testing may provide triage for Lynch syndrome patients in regards to the frequency and type of screening best suited for individual patient.

KEYWORDS:

Lynch syndrome; bladder cancer; genetic susceptibility; microsatellite instability; mismatch repair deficiency; molecular genetics; upper urinary tract cancer