The Pharmacogenomics Journal - Abstract of article: Pharmacogenomics in type 2 diabetes: oral antidiabetic drugs

The Pharmacogenomics Journal - Abstract of article: Pharmacogenomics in type 2 diabetes: oral antidiabetic drugs

The Pharmacogenomics Journal advance online publication 19 July 2016; doi: 10.1038/tpj.2016.54

Pharmacogenomics in type 2 diabetes: oral antidiabetic drugs

M A Daniels¹, C Kan², D M Willmes^3,4,5, K Ismail², F Pistrosch^3,4,6, D Hopkins⁷, G Mingrone^7,8, S R Bornstein^3,4,5,7 and A L Birkenfeld^3,4,5,6,7

1. ¹Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charite–University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
2. ²Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
3. ³Medical Clinic III, Universitätsklinikum ‘Carl Gustav Carus’, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
4. ⁴Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
5. ⁵German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
6. ⁶Competence Center for Metabolic Vascular Medicine Prof. Hanefeld, GWT-TUD GmbH, Dresden, Germany
7. ⁷Section of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
8. ⁸Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy

Correspondence: Professor A Birkenfeld, Medical Clinic III, Universitätsklinikum ‘Carl Gustav Carus’, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden 01307, Germany. E-mail:Andreas.birkenfeld@uniklinikum-dresden.de

Received 29 January 2016; Revised 8 May 2016; Accepted 11 May 2016
Advance online publication 19 July 2016

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a fast progressing disease reaching pandemic proportions. T2DM is specifically harmful because of its severe secondary complications. In the course of the disease, most patients require treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), for which a relatively large number of different options are available. The growing number of individuals affected by T2DM as well as marked interindividual differences in the response to treatment call for individualized therapeutic regimens that can maximize treatment efficacy and thus reduce side effects and costs. A large number of genetic polymorphisms have been described affecting the response to treatment with OADs; in this review, we summarize the most recent advances in this area of research. Extensive evidence exists for polymorphisms affecting pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of biguanides and sulfonylureas. Data on incretin-based medications as well as the new class of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are just starting to emerge. With diabetes being a known comorbidity of several psychiatric disorders, we also review genetic polymorphisms possibly responsible for a common treatment response in both conditions. For all drug classes reviewed here, large prospective trials are necessary in order to consolidate the existing evidence and derive treatment schemes based on individual genetic traits