Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Heilongjiang Province, China, 2014 - Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

FULL-TEXT ►

Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Heilongjiang Province, China, 2014 - Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015

Dispatch

Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Heilongjiang Province, China, 2014

On This Page

• The Study
• Conclusions
• Suggested Citation

Figures

• Figure 1
• Figure 2

Tables

• Table

Downloads

• PDF[1.86 MB - 4 pgs]
• RIS[TXT - 2 KB]

Jingfei Wang , Miao Wang, Shida Wang, Zaisi Liu, Nan Shen, Wei Si, Gang Sun, Julian A. Drewe, and Xuehui Cai

Author affiliations: Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China (J. Wang, S. Wang, Z. Liu, N. Shen, W. Si, X. Cai); Heilongjiang Institute of Animal Health Inspection, Harbin, China (M. Wang, G. Sun); Royal Veterinary College, London, UK (J.A. Drewe)

Suggested citation for this article

Abstract

During March 25–May 5, 2014, we investigated 11 outbreaks of peste des petits ruminants in Heilongjiang Province, China. We found that the most likely source of the outbreaks was animals from livestock markets in Shandong. Peste des petits ruminants viruses belonging to lineages II and IV were detected in sick animals.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious disease that infects goats and sheep and has a case-mortality rate of ≈80% for acute cases. PPR virus (PPRV) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Morbillivirus(1). The disease is present mainly in Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent (2–8).

In July 2007, a PPR outbreak was reported in the Ngari region of southwestern Tibet, China. The outbreak was eliminated by using strict control measures. These measures included culling of all animals suspected to be infected; using a PPR vaccine (75/1 strain) (Tecon Animal Husbandry Bio-Technology Co. Ltd., Xinjiang, China) throughout Tibet and neighboring areas; and restriction of transport of animals (9).

On December 5, 2013, a new outbreak of PPR was reported in Huocheng County in Xinjiang Province. PPR was also detected in Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Jiangxi, and Hunan Provinces by mid-March 2014.

Figure 1. A) Provinces of China and B) distribution of confirmed outbreaks of peste des petits ruminants and peste des petits ruminants virus detected in Heilongjiang Province, March 25–May 5, 2014. Values in...

Heilongjiang Province is the northernmost province of China (Figure 1, panel A). The total population of small ruminants in this province was ≈9 million in 2012 (http://www.stats.gov.cn), and nearly all ruminants were raised for meat or wool production. Sheep and goats were always kept separately, and registered flocks contained 120–6,000 animals (mean 434 animals). Before 2014, no PPR outbreaks had been documented in this region. We report outbreaks of PPR in 11 counties in Heilongjiang Province during 2014.

Dr Jingfei Wang is an epidemiologist at Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China. His research interests include the epidemiology of infectious diseases in animals and characterization of novel animal viruses.

Acknowledgment

This study was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (grant no. 2012ZX10004214) and the Special Fund on Basic Scientific Research of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (grant no. 0302012010).

References

1. Gibbs EP, Taylor WP, Lawman MJ, Bryant J. Classification of peste des petits ruminants virus as the fourth member of the genus Morbillivirus.Intervirology. 1979;11:268–74 . DOIPubMed
2. Abubakar M, Munir M. Peste des petits ruminants virus: an emerging threat to goat farming in Pakistan. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2014;61(Suppl 1):7–10 . DOIPubMed
3. Farougou S, Gagara M, Mensah GA. Prevalence of peste des petits ruminants in the arid zone in the Republic of Niger. Onderstepoort J Vet Res.2013;80:544. DOIPubMed
4. Muse EA, Karimuribo ED, Gitao GC, Misinzo G, Mellau LS, Msoffe PL, Epidemiological investigation into the introduction and factors for spread of peste des petits ruminants, southern Tanzania. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2012;79:457. DOIPubMed
5. Munir M, Zohari S, Suluku R, Leblanc N, Kanu S, Sankoh FA, Genetic characterization of peste des petits ruminants virus, Sierra Leone. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:193–5. DOIPubMed
6. Delil F, Asfaw Y, Gebreegziabher B. Prevalence of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants virus before and during outbreaks of the disease in Awash Fentale district, Afar, Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2012;44:1329–30. DOIPubMed
7. Kwiatek O, Ali YH, Saeed IK, Khalafalla AI, Mohamed OI, Obeida AA, Asian lineage of peste des petits ruminants virus, Africa. Emerg Infect Dis.2011;17:1223–31. DOIPubMed
8. Balamurugan V, Saravanan P, Sen A, Rajak KK, Bhanuprakash V, Krishnamoorthy P, Sero-epidemiological study of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in India between 2003 and 2009. Rev Sci Tech. 2011;30:889–96 .PubMed
9. Wang Z, Bao J, Wu X, Liu Y, Li L, Liu C, Peste des petits ruminants virus in Tibet, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:299–301. DOIPubMed
10. Libeau G, Prehaud C, Lancelot R, Colas F, Guerre L, Bishop DH, Development of a competitive ELISA for detecting antibodies to the peste des petits ruminants virus using a recombinant nucleoprotein. Res Vet Sci. 1995;58:50–5. DOIPubMed
11. Zhang GR, Yu RS, Zeng JY, Zhu YM, Dong SJ, Dunzhu L, Development of an epitope-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Tibetan peste des petits ruminants virus. Intervirology. 2013;56:55–9. DOIPubMed
12. Kwiatek O, Minet C, Grillet C, Hurard C, Carlsson E, Karimov B, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) outbreak in Tajikistan. J Comp Pathol.2007;136:111–9. DOIPubMed
13. Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics.2007;23:2947–8. DOIPubMed
14. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol.2013;30:2725–9. DOIPubMed

Figures

• Figure 1. A) Provinces of China and B) distribution of confirmed outbreaks of peste des petits ruminants and peste des petits ruminants virus detected in Heilongjiang Province, March 25–May 5, 2014....
• Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the 3′ ends of nucleoprotein genes of peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV), Heilongjiang Province, China, March 25–May 5, 2014. The tree was constructed...

Table

• Table. Serologic and molecular diagnosis for peste des petits ruminants virus in 13 counties in Heilongjiang Province, China, March 25–May 5, 2014

Suggested citation for this article: Wang J, Wang M, Wang S, Liu Z, Shen N, Si W, et al. Peste des petits ruminants virus in Heilongjiang Province, China, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Apr [date cited]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2104.141627

DOI: 10.3201/eid2104.141627