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Reassortant Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Viruses in Chickens in Retail Poultry Shops, Pakistan, 2009–2010 - Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

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Reassortant Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Viruses in Chickens in Retail Poultry Shops, Pakistan, 2009–2010 - Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC





Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015

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Reassortant Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Viruses in Chickens in Retail Poultry Shops, Pakistan, 2009–2010

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Mamoona ChaudhryComments to Author , Angélique Angot, Hamad B. Rashid, Giovanni Cattoli, Manzoor Hussain, Giulia Trovò, Alessandra Drago, Viviana Valastro, Michael Thrusfield, Sue Welburn, Mark C. Eisler, and Ilaria Capua
Author affiliations: University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan (M. Chaudhry, H.B. Rashid);University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (M. Chaudhry, M. Thrusfield, S. Welburn); Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (A. Angot, G. Cattoli, G. Trovò, A. Drago, V. Valastro, I. Capua); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Hussain); University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (M.C. Eisler)

Abstract

Phylogenetic analysis of influenza viruses collected during December 2009–February 2010 from chickens in live poultry retail shops in Lahore, Pakistan, showed influenza A(H9N2) lineage polymerase and nonstructural genes generate through inter- and intrasubtypic reassortments. Many amino acid signatures observed were characteristic of human isolates; hence, their circulation could enhance inter- or intrasubtypic reassortment.
The first outbreak of illness caused by avian influenza A(H9N2) virus in Pakistan was reported in 1998; isolates showed a close relationship to subtype H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulating in Hong Kong, China during 1997 that were grouped within the G1 lineage (1). In recent years, H9N2 genes have reassorted extensively, generating novel genotypes on the Indian subcontinent. Widespread co-circulation of H9N2 with other AIVs (e.g., highly pathogenic AIVs H5N1 and H7N3) could instigate the generation of novel variant and reassorted viruses, possibly with increased zoonotic potential (2).
No information was available about the genetic makeup of AIVs circulating in live poultry retail shops (LPRSs) in Pakistan. This study was conducted to genetically characterize AIVs in LPRSs in Lahore District, Pakistan.

The Study

Thumbnail of Location of live poultry retail shops (X) in 5 towns in Lahore, Pakistan, where avian influenza A(H9N2) virus isolates were identified in chickens, 2009–2010. Inset shows location of Lahore in Punjab Province.
Figure. Location of live poultry retail shops (X) in 5 towns in Lahore, Pakistan, where avian influenza A(H9N2) virus isolates were identified in chickens, 2009–2010. Inset shows location of Lahore in Punjab...
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of LPRSs in Lahore (Figure), which is the capital of the Punjab Province in Pakistan. In each of 280 LPRSs, we collected tracheal swab samples from 5 randomly selected chickens and pooled them into 1 composite sample, totaling 280 pooled samples. The samples were characterized at the World Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza in Padua, Italy.

Dr. Chaudhry is an academician in the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Her research interests include epidemiology of infectious diseases of public health concern.

Acknowledgments

We thank the staff members of the live poultry retail shops in which the study subjects were housed for data and sample collection.
The European Union project Training and technology transfer of avian influenza diagnostics and disease management skills (FLUTRAIN) provided financial support for training of MC at IZSVe, Italy. The Higher Education Commission of Pakistan provided a PhD scholarship to MC through the Overseas Scholarship Scheme (10%- Batch-2).
We acknowledge the memory of Isabel Minguez Tudela (1955–2011), of the European Commission, who supported this collaboration as a contribution to improving veterinary public health.

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Technical Appendix

Suggested citation for this article: Chaudhry M, Angot A, Rashid HB, Cattoli G, Hussain M, Trovò G, et al. Reassortant avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in chickens in retail poultry shops, Pakistan, 2009–2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 April [date cited]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2104.141570
DOI: 10.3201/eid2104.141570
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