Advances in Laboratory Methods for Detection and Typing of Norovirus.

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Abstract

Human noroviruses are the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis across all age groups. Although the disease is usually self-limiting, in the United States norovirus gastroenteritis causes an estimated 56,000-71,000 hospitalizations and 570-800 deaths each year. This minireview describes the latest data on laboratory methods (molecular, immunological) for norovirus detection including real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), commercially available immunological assays, as well as the latest FDA-cleared multi enteric pathogens platforms. In addition, an overview is provided on the latest nomenclature and molecular epidemiology of human noroviruses.