Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents With HIV +... ++++++

https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/community-acquired Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia Updated the recommendations for preferred and alternative empiric treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Added treatment recommendations for patients with CAP for whom a viral etiology is identified. Updated the recommendations on the use of corticosteroids in the management of CAP in hospitalized patients. https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/hepatitis-b-virus Hepatitis B Virus Infection Updated the recommendations for people with isolated anti–hepatitis B core antibody to reflect that tenofovir-sparing regimens can also be considered with monitoring of alanine aminotransferase. https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/malaria Malaria Noted the potential for false-negative rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum due to emerging histidine-rich protein 2 gene deletions in some regions. Updated the medication options, dosing recommendations, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency screening requirements for anti-relapse therapy for P. vivax and P. ovale species infections. Updated the preferred treatment recommendations for pregnant women. https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/disseminated Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease Clarified the use of molecular assays to identify Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) subspecies and mutations associated with macrolide resistance. Updated the guidance on diagnostic criteria and treatment for localized pulmonary MAC disease in keeping with the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society/European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases/Infectious Disease Society of America joint guideline on the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. Clarified the criteria for severe MAC disease that might require a third or fourth antimycobacterial drug for treatment. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease Pneumocystis pneumonia https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/pneumocystis Revised the recommendation statement regarding indications for initiating primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia for clarity and simplicity. Syphilis https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/syphilis Recommended serologic screening for syphilis in pregnant women at the first prenatal visit, at 28 weeks’ gestation, and at delivery. Noted that doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis is an option for syphilis prevention for some individuals. These guidelines are published in an electronic format and updated as changes occur in prevention and treatment science. All updates are developed by the subject matter groups listed in Appendix B and reviewed by scientific content experts. To view or download the guidelines, go to the Adult and Adolescent Opportunistic Infection Guidelines section of the Clinicalinfo website. The guidelines tables and recommendations also can be downloaded as separate PDF files. https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/panel-roster?view=full