Reviews from Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
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Emerging roles and the regulation of aerobic glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Liver cancer has become the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for up to 75–85% of primary liver cancers, and sora...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:126Non-coding RNAs in cancer: platforms and strategies for investigating the genomic “dark matter”
The discovery of the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the onset and progression of malignancies is a promising frontier of cancer genetics. It is clear that ncRNAs are candidates for therapeutic interventio...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:117Regulation of heterogeneous cancer-associated fibroblasts: the molecular pathology of activated signaling pathways
Accumulating evidence indicates that intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to the development of resistance to anticancer therapeutics. Fibroblasts, which are components of the paraneoplastic stroma, play a c...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:112Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing: the 11th Hallmark of Cancer
Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing is a potent driving force in tumour pathogenesis and progression. In this review, we update currents concepts of hypoxia-induced alternative splicing and how it influences ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:110Prevention of tumor risk associated with the reprogramming of human pluripotent stem cells
Human pluripotent embryonic stem cells have two special features: self-renewal and pluripotency. It is important to understand the properties of pluripotent stem cells and reprogrammed stem cells. One of the m...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:100Description of CRISPR/Cas9 development and its prospect in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies today. Patients suffer from HCC since its high malignancy and limited treatment means. With the development of genetic research, new therap...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:97Liquid biopsy and tumor heterogeneity in metastatic solid tumors: the potentiality of blood samples
In a large number of cancer types, treatment selection depends on the presence of specific tumor biomarkers. Due to the dynamic nature of cancer, very often these predictive biomarkers are not uniformly presen...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:95The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:120Relevance of immune cell and tumor microenvironment imaging in the new era of immunotherapy
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a key role against cancer. However, malignant cells are able to evade the immune response and establish a very complex balance in which different immune subtypes may drive ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:89Drug repurposing against COVID-19: focus on anticancer agents
The very limited time allowed to face the COVID-19 pandemic poses a pressing challenge to find proper therapeutic approaches. However, synthesis and full investigation from preclinical studies to phase III tri...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:86Novel therapeutic strategies targeting telomere maintenance mechanisms in high-risk neuroblastoma
The majority of high-risk neuroblastomas can be divided into three distinct molecular subgroups defined by the presence of MYCN amplification, upstream TERT rearrangements or alternative lengthening of telomeres ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:78Mimicking tumor hypoxia and tumor-immune interactions employing three-dimensional in vitro models
The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly complex and not entirely understood. These complex configurations lead to the generation of oxygen-deprived conditions within the tumor niche, which mod...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:75Exosomal miRNAs in tumor microenvironment
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal environment in which tumor cells survive, consisting of tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, as well as non-cellular components, such as e...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:67Dissecting the transcriptional regulatory networks of promoter-associated noncoding RNAs in development and cancer
In-depth analysis of global RNA sequencing has enabled a comprehensive overview of cellular transcriptomes and revealed the pervasive transcription of divergent RNAs from promoter regions across eukaryotic gen...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:51Variants of uncertain significance in the era of high-throughput genome sequencing: a lesson from breast and ovary cancers
The promising expectations about personalized medicine have opened the path to routine large-scale sequencing and increased the importance of genetic counseling for hereditary cancers, among which hereditary b...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:46The interplay between HIF-1α and noncoding RNAs in cancer
Hypoxia is a classic characteristic of the tumor microenvironment with a significant impact on cancer progression and therapeutic response. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), the most important transcr...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:27The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2020 39:45Vitamin D, gut microbiota, and radiation-related resistance: a love-hate triangle
Radiation resistance is a serious issue in radiotherapy. Increasing evidence indicates that the human gut microbiome plays a role in the development of radiation resistance. Vitamin D is an important supplemen...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:493Metformin in colorectal cancer: molecular mechanism, preclinical and clinical aspects
Growing evidence showed the increased prevalence of cancer incidents, particularly colorectal cancer, among type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Antidiabetic medications such as, insulin, sulfonylureas, dipeptyl...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:491Molecular targeted and immune checkpoint therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Molecular targeted therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has changed markedly. Although sorafenib was used in clinical practice as the first molecular targeted agent in 2007, the SHARPE and Asian...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:447Recent advances in nanotheranostics for triple negative breast cancer treatment
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most complex and aggressive type of breast cancer encountered world widely in women. Absence of hormonal receptors on breast cancer cells necessitates the chemothera...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:430Activity of MCPIP1 RNase in tumor associated processes
The monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein (MCPIP) family consists of 4 members (MCPIP1–4) encoded by the ZC3h12A-D genes, which are located at different loci. The common features of MCPIP proteins are ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:421Immunotherapy of brain metastases: breaking a “dogma”
Until very few years ago, the oncology community dogmatically excluded any clinical potential for immunotherapy in controlling brain metastases. Therefore, despite the significant therapeutic efficacy of monoc...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:419Iron and leukemia: new insights for future treatments
Iron, an indispensable element for life, is involved in all kinds of important physiological activities. Iron promotes cell growth and proliferation, but it also causes oxidative stress damage. The body has a ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:406Targeting T cell metabolism in the tumor microenvironment: an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy
T cells play important roles in anti-tumor immunity. Emerging evidence has revealed that distinct metabolic changes impact the activation and differentiation of T cells. Tailoring immune responses by manipulat...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:403From bench to bed: the tumor immune microenvironment and current immunotherapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the most common primary liver malignancy and the third leading cause of tumor-related mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, despite advances in HCC treatment, less than 40% o...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:396Cancer therapeutics using survivin BIRC5 as a target: what can we do after over two decades of study?
Survivin (also named BIRC5) is a well-known cancer therapeutic target. Since its discovery more than two decades ago, the use of survivin as a target for cancer therapeutics has remained a central goal of surv...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:368RhoC: a fascinating journey from a cytoskeletal organizer to a Cancer stem cell therapeutic target
Tumor heterogeneity results in differential response to therapy due to the existence of plastic tumor cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which exhibit the property of resistance to therapy, invasion and m...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:328Effects of hyperglycemia on the progression of tumor diseases
Malignant tumors are often multifactorial. Epidemiological studies have shown that hyperglycemia raises the prevalence and mortality of certain malignancies, like breast, liver, bladder, pancreatic, colorectal...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:327Curcumin: a therapeutic strategy in cancers by inhibiting the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway
Numerous studies have presented that curcumin could have a positive effect in the prevention of cancer and then in tumor therapy. Several hypotheses have highlighted that curcumin could decreases tumor growth ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:323Role of protein kinase CK2 in antitumor drug resistance
Drug resistance represents the major reason of pharmacological treatment failure. It is supported by a broad spectrum of mechanisms, whose molecular bases have been frequently correlated to aberrant protein ph...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:287MET in glioma: signaling pathways and targeted therapies
Gliomas represent the most common type of malignant brain tumor, among which, glioblastoma remains a clinical challenge with limited treatment options and dismal prognosis. It has been shown that the dysregula...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:270Advances in cancer immunotherapy 2019 – latest trends
Immunotherapy has become an established pillar of cancer treatment improving the prognosis of many patients with a broad variety of hematological and solid malignancies. The two main drivers behind this succes...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:268Autophagy manipulation as a strategy for efficient anticancer therapies: possible consequences
Autophagy is a catabolic process whose activation may help cancer cells to adapt to cellular stress although, in some instances, it can induce cell death. Autophagy stimulation or inhibition has been considere...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:262Combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockers for treatment of cancer
Targeting checkpoints of immune cell activation has been demonstrated to be the most effective approach for activation of anti-tumor immune responses. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and p...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:255The roles of nuclear focal adhesion kinase (FAK) on Cancer: a focused review
FAK is a tyrosine kinase overexpressed in cancer cells and plays an important role in the progression of tumors to a malignant phenotype. Except for its typical role as a cytoplasmic kinase downstream of integ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:250MicroRNA based theranostics for brain cancer: basic principles
Because of the complexity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain tumors, especially the most common and aggressive primary malignant tumor type arising from the central nervous system (CNS), glioblastoma, rem...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:231FGFs/FGFRs-dependent signalling in regulation of steroid hormone receptors – implications for therapy of luminal breast cancer
Stromal stimuli mediated by growth factor receptors, leading to ligand-independent activation of steroid hormone receptors, have long been implicated in development of breast cancer resistance to endocrine the...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:230The roles of glucose metabolic reprogramming in chemo- and radio-resistance
Reprogramming of cancer metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of malignancy. The aberrant glucose metabolism is associated with dramatically increased bioenergetics, biosynthetic, and redox demands, which ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:218Effects of short-term fasting on cancer treatment
Growing preclinical evidence shows that short-term fasting (STF) protects from toxicity while enhancing the efficacy of a variety of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various tumour types. STF reinfo...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:209Molecular pattern of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most notable lethal malignancies worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of this disease remain poorly understood. O...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:198The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:352STAT3 as a potential therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is typically lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), represents the most aggre...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:195The effects and the mechanisms of autophagy on the cancer-associated fibroblasts in cancer
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays an essential role in cancer cell growth, metabolism and immunoreaction. Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative process that balances cell energy source and re...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:171Therapeutic challenges and current immunomodulatory strategies in targeting the immunosuppressive pancreatic tumor microenvironment
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal type of cancers, with an overall five-year survival rate of less than 5%. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with limited therapeutic options. To date, no ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:162Clinical development of targeted and immune based anti-cancer therapies
Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death globally and is expected to be responsible for approximately 9.6 million deaths in 2018. With an unprecedented understanding of the molecular pathways that...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:156Cancer DNA vaccines: current preclinical and clinical developments and future perspectives
The recent developments in immuno-oncology have opened an unprecedented avenue for the emergence of vaccine strategies. Therapeutic DNA cancer vaccines are now considered a very promising strategy to activate ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:1463D models in the new era of immune oncology: focus on T cells, CAF and ECM
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has changed clinical practice for patients with different cancers, since these agents have demonstrated a significant improvement of overall survival and are effective in ma...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:117MAPKAPK2: the master regulator of RNA-binding proteins modulates transcript stability and tumor progression
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions including inflammation and metastasis. Post-transcriptional regulation of genes harboring ...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:121Collagens and Cancer associated fibroblasts in the reactive stroma and its relation to Cancer biology
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in cancer progression. It can be divided into the basement membrane (BM) that supports epithelial/endothelial cell behavior and the interstitial matrix (I...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:115New combinatorial strategies to improve the PARP inhibitors efficacy in the urothelial bladder Cancer treatment
Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for the treatment of metastatic Urothelial Bladder Cancer. DNA damaging repair (DDR) targeting has been introduced in cinical trials for bladder cancer patients...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:91Challenges and potential of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy for glioblastoma
PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades have achieved significant progress in several kinds of tumours. Pembrolizumab, which targets PD-1, has been approved as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung c...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:87MicroRNA-34 family: a potential tumor suppressor and therapeutic candidate in cancer
MicroRNA-34 (miR-34) has been reported to be dysregulated in various human cancers and regarded as a tumor suppressive microRNA because of its synergistic effect with the well-known tumor suppressor p53. Along...Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2019 38:53
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