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miércoles, 2 de enero de 2019

Medical News | Medical Articles | Genetics - Jan 02, 2019 Edition

	January 2, 2019
	Genetics
	The latest Genetics news from News Medical

Genetic study reveals new insights into underlying causes of moderate-to-severe asthma

The largest-ever genetic study of people with moderate-to-severe asthma has revealed new insights into the underlying causes of the disease which could help improve its diagnosis and treatment.

			Scientists discover rules that determine precision of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in human cells Scientists at the Francis Crick Institute have discovered a set of simple rules that determine the precision of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in human cells. These rules, published in Molecular Cell, could help to improve the efficiency and safety of genome editing in both the lab and the clinic.

			Whole genome study identifies genetic architecture for diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome In the largest genetic analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) performed to date, an international consortium, including researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, conducted a whole genome association study to identify common genetic architecture for different diagnostic criteria used to define the syndrome.

	Genetics study offers hope for new acne treatment A discovery by researchers from the School of Basic & Medical Biosciences and NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre could lead to new treatments for severe acne. Scientists found 15 genome regions linked to developing the condition.

	Change in genome of Caucasians could explain higher rates of esophageal cancer A change in the genome of Caucasians could explain much-higher rates of the most common type of esophageal cancer in this population, a new study finds. It suggests a possible target for prevention strategies, which preliminary work suggests could involve flavonoids derived from cranberries.

	Are Genes Involved in Tooth Decay and Gum Disease? Genetics play a crucial role in predisposition to various dental diseases. Research has indicated a close association with individual genetic makeup and occurrence of various dental conditions such as caries and periodontal diseases.

	Genetic marker, predictor of early relapse in common childhood cancer discovered Nova Southeastern University researchers recently discovered that by testing the level of NER (nucleotide excision repair) gene expression, pediatric oncologists can determine the likelihood of early relapse (less than three years) in their acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.

	New genetic testing method increases the precision of biomarker analysis Estonian scientists have announced the invention of a genetic testing technology that allows the number of clinical biomarkers to be analyzed at the single-molecule level, which enhances the sensitivity of tests in precision medicine and will make them more affordable in future.

	Genetic Techniques of Antibody Validation Much time and effort are expended on antibody studies, but these can only produce successful and reproducible outcomes if the antibody used is specific. Antibody specificity refers to whether the molecule is capable of binding the target consistently with minimal or no cross-reactivity. In such cases, it is essential that researchers should be able to rely on the performance of the antibody because of its centrality in their work.

	Marijuana causes alters genetic makeup of sperm A new study has revealed that cannabis or marijuana can alter the DNA or genetic make-up of the sperms and this can have long term consequences in the baby born of that sperm. The study results were published in the latest issue of the journal Epigenetics.

	Fundamentals, applications and methods of machine learning used in epigenetics Machine learning is the study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to progressively improve their performance on a specific task. It is clearly visible that, machine learning is essential in this era in which we are living in, when there is huge amount of epigenetic data present coming from experiments and the clinic.

	New discovery will improve the safety and predictability of CRISPR Scientists at The Francis Crick Institute have discovered a simple set of rules that can be used to precisely predict how DNA will be modified by the CRISPR gene editing technique.

	Geneticists discover how sex-linked disorders arise Researchers at the University of Melbourne have made an important discovery that explains why some babies are born with disorders of sex development. The study suggests that a critical regulatory gene carried on the Y chromosome increases or decreases the activity of particular gene that determine whether a baby will be male or female.

	History of Stem Cells Stem cell discovery began in the 1950s from an unusual source - teratocarcinomas and tumors containing a variety (or heterogeneous mix) of tissue types. These include fully specialized, differentiated structures such as teeth and hair.

	Recurrence of urinary tract infection may depend on bacterial strain, study shows Genetically diverse bacterial strains that cause urinary tract infections differ in their ability to trigger protective immune responses in mice, potentially explaining why these infections frequently recur in many patients, according to a study published December 13 in the open-access journal PLOS Pathogens by Thomas Hannan and Scott Hultgren of Washington University School of Medicine, and colleagues.

	Study uncovers 11 new genes associated with epilepsy The research is published in today's issue of Nature Communications. It greatly advances knowledge of the underlying biological causes of epilepsy and may inform the development of new treatments for the condition.

	Overcoming DNA Degradation in Forensic Science Cell death activates different intracellular enzymes, such as lipases, proteases, and nucleases. Lysosomes, that contain hydrolytic enzymes, can break down biomolecules like histone proteins. The removal of histone proteins in turn facilitates the action of endonucleases that can cleave DNA.

	Cell-free DNA can be used to predict biological age, according to a new study cfDNA refers to naked DNA fragments that occur within the bloodstream. The current study was designed to test whether changes in these fragments could be used to predict a biological age, which describes an individual’s functional status rather than their chronological age.

	Biologists discover how protein clumps damage cells in Parkinson's disease Biologists studying Parkinson's disease have long hoped to solve the mystery of the telltale "clumps." Scientists want to know how clumps of misfolded proteins damage brain cells and contribute to the disease.