domingo, 30 de diciembre de 2018

Class 2 CRISPR/Cas: an expanding biotechnology toolbox for and beyond genome editing | Cell & Bioscience | Full Text

Class 2 CRISPR/Cas: an expanding biotechnology toolbox for and beyond genome editing | Cell & Bioscience | Full Text

Cell & Bioscience



Class 2 CRISPR/Cas: an expanding biotechnology toolbox for and beyond genome editing

Cell & Bioscience20188:59
  • Received: 16 June 2018
  • Accepted: 26 October 2018
  • Published: 

Abstract

Artificial nuclease-dependent DNA cleavage systems (zinc-finger nuclease, ZFN; transcription activator like effectors, TALENs) and exogenous nucleic acid defense systems (CRISPR/Cas) have been used in the new era for genome modification. The most widely used toolbox for genome editing, modulation and detection contains Types II, V and VI of CRISPR/Cas Class 2 systems, categorized and characterized by Cas9, Cas12a and Cas13 respectively. In this review, we (1) elaborate on the definition, classification, structures of CRISPR/Cas Class 2 systems; (2) advance our understanding of new molecular mechanisms and recent progress in their applications, especially beyond genome-editing applications; (3) provide the insights on the specificity, efficiency and versatility of each tool; (4) elaborate the enhancement on specificity and efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas toolbox. The expanding and concerted usage of the CRISPR/Cas tools is making them more powerful in genome editing and other biotechnology applications.

Keywords

  • Genome editing
  • Transcriptional repression
  • Diagnostic detection
  • CRISPR
  • Cas9
  • Cas12a
  • Cas13

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