Better Diet, Exercise Can Prevent Diabetes in Both Sexes, Study Finds

Taking blood sugar-lowering medications can also help, researchers say

By Robert Preidt

Tuesday, December 2, 2014

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TUESDAY, Dec. 2, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Lifestyle changes and medicines are equally effective in preventing men and women with prediabetes from progressing to type 2 diabetes, a new analysis finds.

Previous research has shown that lifestyle changes, such as a healthier diet and regular exercise, and use of medicines to lower blood sugar levels can delay or prevent the onset of full-blown diabetes in people with prediabetes.

However, it wasn't known what effect, if any, gender might have on the effectiveness of these interventions, the researchers from Austria said.

"To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that assessed potential sex-specific differences in effects of preventive interventions in prediabetic people," wrote Dr. Anna Glechner, of Danube University Krems, and Dr. Jurgen Harreiter, of the Medical University of Vienna, and colleagues.

People with type 2 diabetes don't make or use the hormone insulin properly. Insulin is needed to convert glucose from food into energy. Type 2 diabetes, the more common type, is linked to being overweight and sedentary.

The researchers reviewed data from more than 7,400 women and 5,500 men in 12 studies. Men and women with prediabetes who made lifestyle changes were 40 percent less likely to progress to diabetes after one year, and 37 percent less likely to progress after three years, compared to those who did not make lifestyle changes, the study found.

Men and women with prediabetes who made lifestyle changes also lost more weight and had greater reductions in blood sugar levels, the researchers said.

Taking blood sugar-lowering medications also reduced the risk of diabetes among men and women with prediabetes, according to the findings published Nov. 27 in the journal Diabetologia.

"Clinically, these findings highlight an important issue. Despite differences in age of onset, detection and burden of type 2 diabetes between men and women, the effectiveness of preventive interventions in people with prediabetes is not influenced by gender," the researchers explained in a journal news release.

Clinicians can focus on factors known to magnify beneficial effects, such as adherence, they added. "Clinicians also need to focus on other aspects of sex-disparities such as the higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men and gaps in the quality of care between diabetic men and women," the researchers concluded.

SOURCE: Diabetologia, news release, Nov. 27, 2014

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