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Current Issue: Table of Contents
Volume 17, Number 5–May 2011

Perspective
Vector-borne Infections
R. Rosenberg and C.B. Beard
View Summary

Vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, are a major source of emerging infections. Vectors are numerous and able to carry almost every type of infectious agent (such as viruses or bacteria). They can spread disease to new areas or to new species that otherwise would never come in contact with each other. Prevention is difficult because vaccines are available for only a few of these diseases. Control is also difficult because infectious agents and vectors are extremely adaptable and can evolve to avoid public health efforts. Changes in climate, land use, and transportation add to the challenges posed by emerging vector-borne infections.

Synopses
Intravenous Artesunate for Severe Malaria in Travelers, Europe
T. Zoller et al.

Medscape CME Activity
Lessons Learned about Pneumonic Plague Diagnosis from 2 Outbreaks, Democratic Republic of the Congo
E. Bertherat et al.



Research
Evolution of New Genotype of West Nile Virus in North America
A.R. McMullen et al.

Transstadial Transmission of Francisella tularensis holarctica in Mosquitoes, Sweden
J.O. Lundström et al.

Molecular Epidemiology of Oropouche Virus, Brazil
H.B. Vasconcelos et al.

Medscape CME Activity
Severe Imported Plasmodium falciparum Malaria, France, 1996–2003
E. Seringe et al.

Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria in Children
B.E. Barber et al.

Travel-related Dengue Virus Infection, the Netherlands, 2006–2007
G.G.G. Baaten et al.

Experimental Infection of Amblyomma aureolatum Ticks with Rickettsia rickettsii
M.B. Labruna et al.

Genotypic Profile of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 and Clinical Features of Infection in Humans, Thailand
A. Kerdsin et al.

Babesiosis in Lower Hudson Valley, New York, USA
J.T. Joseph et al.

View Summary

Babesiosis, a potentially deadly disease, is emerging in the Lower Hudson Valley, just north of New York City. The disease is caused by a parasite that destroys red blood cells. Since first appearing in the Lower Hudson Valley in 2001, babesiosis cases have increased 12 times faster in the this area than in the rest of the state. Cases are occurring mostly in residents who were bitten by ticks or had been treated with blood products. The risk is highest for people with weakened immune systems.

Experimental Oral Transmission of Atypical Scrapie to Sheep
M.M. Simmons et al.

Historical Review
Evidence of Tungiasis in Pre-Hispanic America
V. Maco et al.

View Summary

Tungiasis is a skin disease caused by a flea, the smallest in the world. This flea burrows into the skin and causes intense pain and itching. Recently, tungiasis has been increasing among residents of the tropics and those who visit there. The past of this disease is as intriguing as any future public health challenges it may pose. Texts from 1615 through 1990 led researchers to four pottery artifacts from ancient Peru, which depict people with tungiasis. Pottery fragments show characteristic holes in the soles of the feet, and in some, the affected persons are trying to remove the fleas from these holes. The artifacts indicate that tungiasis has been in Peru for at least 14 centuries.


Dispatches

Human Intraocular Filariasis Caused by Dirofilaria sp. Nematode, Brazil
D. Otranto et al.

Human Intraocular Filariasis Caused by Pelecitus sp. Nematode, Brazil
O. Bain et al.

Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria
M. Koehsler et al.

Rickettsia rickettsii Transmission by a Lone Star Tick, North Carolina
E.B. Breitschwerdt et al.

Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Kyrgyzstan
B.J. Briggs et al.

Probable Non–Vector-borne Transmission of Zika Virus, Colorado
B.D. Foy et al.

Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever Borreliosis, Rural Senegal
P. Parola et al.

Novel Bluetongue Virus Serotype from Kuwait
S. Maan et al.

Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks, Germany
C. Silaghi et al.

Bartonella spp. in Feral Pigs, Southeastern United States
A.W. Beard et al.

Rickettsia parkeri in Gulf Coast Ticks, Southeastern Virginia, USA
C.L. Wright et al.

Multitarget Test for Emerging Lyme Disease and Anaplasmosis in a Serosurvey of Dogs, Maine, USA
P.W. Rand et al.

Phylogenetic Analysis of West Nile Virus Isolates, Italy, 2008–2009
G. Rossini et al.

Genomic Characterization of Nipah Virus, West Bengal, India
V.A. Arankalle et al.

Chikungunya Virus, Southeastern France
M. Grandadam et al.

Upward Trend in Dengue Incidence among Hospitalized Patients, United States
J.A. Streit et al.
View Summary

Once limited to the tropics, dengue activity worldwide is at an all time high and dengue reemerged in Florida in 2009 after being absent for 45 years. During the past decade, the number of people hospitalized with dengue infections in the United States has tripled, probably because of increased travel to the tropics and the spread of the mosquitoes that carry dengue virus, which are now present in more than half of U.S. states. To better track this trend, since 2010, doctors nationwide have been required to report cases of dengue fever to public health authorities.

Detection and Phylogenetic Characterization of Human Hepatitis E Virus Strains, Czech Republic
P. Vasickova et al.

Genetic Characterization of West Nile Virus Lineage 2, Greece, 2010
A. Papa et al.


Another Dimension
The Crab Hole Mosquito Blues
K.M. Johnson et al.


Letters

Plasmodium vivax Seroprevalence in Bred Cynomolgus Monkeys, China
H.-L. Li et al.

Imported Dengue Virus Serotype 3, Yemen to Italy, 2010
P. Ravanini et al.

Strongyloidiasis in Man 75 Years after Initial Exposure
V. Prendki et al.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Ticks, China–Russian Border
J.-F. Jiang et al.

Japanese Encephalitis, Tibet, China
Y.-X. Li et al.

Babesia sp. EU1 Infection in a Forest Reindeer, the Netherlands
M. Kik et al.

Dengue Serotype 4, Roraima State, Brazil
J.G. Temporão et al.

Novel Phlebovirus in Febrile Child, Greece
V. Anagnostou et al.

Seroprevalence of Toscana Virus in Blood Donors, France, 2007
N. Brisbarre et al.

Quinine-Resistant Malaria in Traveler Returning from French Guiana, 2010
L. Bertaux et al.

Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus Alkhurma Subtype in Ticks, Najran Province,
Saudi Arabia
M. Mahdi et al.

West Nile Virus Infection, Assam, India
S.A. Khan et al.

Rare Rotavirus Strains in Children with Severe Diarrhea, Malaysia
L.-S. Ch'ng et al.

Avian Malaria Deaths in Parrots, Europe
P. Olias et al.

Fatal Human Case of Western Equine Encephalitis, Uruguay
A. Delfraro et al.

Widespread Availability of Artemisinin Monotherapy in the United States
R.M. Rakita and U. Malhotra

Yersinia pestis DNA Sequences in Late Medieval Skeletal Finds, Bavaria (response)

Cover
And therefore I have sailed the seas and come / To the holy city of Byzantium
P. Potter

News and Notes
Etymologia: Francisella tularensis

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