Influenza A Viruses (H5N1), Southern Indochina | CDC EID

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Volume 15, Number 10–October 2009
Dispatch
Molecular Epidemiology of Clade 1 Influenza A Viruses (H5N1), Southern Indochina Peninsula, 2004–2007
Philippe Buchy, Mathieu Fourment, Sek Mardy, San Sorn, Davun Holl, Sowath Ly, Sirenda Vong, Vincent Enouf, J.S. Malik Peiris, and Silvie van der Werf
Author affiliations: Institut Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (P. Buchy, M. Fourment, S. Mardy, S. Ly, S. Vong); Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Phnom Penh (S. Sorn, D. Holl); Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (V. Enouf, S. van der Werf); and Hong Kong University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China (J.S.M. Peiris)

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Abstract
To determine the origin of influenza A virus (H5N1) epizootics in Cambodia, we used maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods to analyze the genetic sequences of subtype H5N1 strains from Cambodia and neighboring areas. Poultry movements, rather than repeated reintroduction of subtype H5N1 viruses by wild birds, appear to explain virus circulation and perpetuation.

From 2004 through 2007, a total of 26 outbreaks of influenza A virus (H5N1) infection have occurred in poultry in Cambodia, and 7 human cases have been reported. Subtype H5N1 infections were observed primarily during the dry season, from January through April. The origin of these epizootics in Cambodia remains unclear. Here we have used maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods to analyze the Cambodian virus genetic sequences, together with those obtained from other H5N1 viruses isolated in neighboring countries since 2004, to understand that patterns of virus transmission.

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