Retroviruses

Section Editor: Li Wu, Ohio State University, USA
Deputy Section Editor: Ben Berkhout, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands

The Retroviruses section of Virology Journal aims to publish research articles and reviews covering all aspects of human and animal retroviruses. We welcome basic and translational studies on the mechanisms of retrovirus replication and pathogenesis, including reports on the development of antiretroviral drugs and vaccines. Interdisciplinary research on retroviruses using multiple approaches is particularly welcome.

Content Type:Research
HIV-1 tat expression and sulphamethoxazole hydroxylamine mediated oxidative stress alter the disulfide proteome in Jurkat T cells
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant problem for HIV patients, with the risk of developing ADRs increasing as the infection progresses to AIDS. However, the pathophysiology underlying ADRs remains u...
Authors:Kemi Adeyanju, John R. Bend, Michael J. Rieder and Gregory A. Dekaban
Citation:Virology Journal 2018 15:82
Published on: 9 May 2018
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Content Type:Research
Stability of the HTLV-1 glycoprotein 46 (gp46) gene in an endemic region of the Brazilian Amazon and the presence of a significant mutation (N93D) in symptomatic patients
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) affects 2–5 million people worldwide, and is associated with a number of degenerative and infectious diseases. The Envelope glycoproteins (gp) are highly conserve...
Authors:Maria de Nazaré do Socorro de Almeida Viana, Akim Felipe Santos Nobre, Edivaldo Costa Jr, Ingrid Christiane Silva, Bruna Teles Pinheiro, Cássia Cristine Costa Pereira, Louise de Souza Canto Ferreira, Danilo Souza de Almeida, Marcos William Leão de Araújo, Mariza da Silva Borges, Carlos Araujo da Costa, Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa, Stephen Francis Ferrari and Maísa Silva de Sousa
Citation:Virology Journal 2018 15:80
Published on: 2 May 2018
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Content Type:Research
Inhibition of HIV early replication by the p53 and its downstream gene p21
The tumor suppressor gene p53 has been found to suppress HIV infection by various mechanisms, but the inhibition of HIV at an early stage of replication by host cell p53 and its downstream gene p21 has not bee...
Authors:Binshan Shi, Hamayun J. Sharifi, Sara DiGrigoli, Michaela Kinnetz, Katie Mellon, Wenwei Hu and Carlos M. C. de Noronha
Citation:Virology Journal 2018 15:53
Published on: 27 March 2018
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Content Type:Research
Protection induced by a gp90 protein-based vaccine derived from a Reticuloendotheliosis virus strain isolated from a contaminated IBD vaccine
Reticuloendotheliosis is an immunosuppressive disease caused by avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). It is commonly found in poultry farms and has caused a notable economic loss worldwide. Despite this, th...
Authors:Zhihao Ren, Fanfeng Meng, Qiuchen Li, Yixin Wang, Xiaofeng Liu, Zhizhong Cui, Shuang Chang and Peng Zhao
Citation:Virology Journal 2018 15:42
Published on: 12 March 2018
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Content Type:Research
High risk human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution among women infected with HIV in Manaus, Amazonas
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women have a high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), and are infected with a broader range of HPV types than HIV-negative women. We aimed to determine the pre...
Authors:Monique Figueiredo Teixeira, Meritxell Sabidó, André Luiz Leturiondo, Cynthia de Oliveira Ferreira, Kátia Luz Torres and Adele Schwartz Benzaken
Citation:Virology Journal 2018 15:36
Published on: 17 February 2018
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Content Type:Short Report
Reassessment of the capacity of the HIV-1 Env cytoplasmic domain to trigger NF-κB activation
The cytoplasmic domain of lentiviral Envelopes (EnvCD) ensures Env incorporation into nascent virions and regulates Env trafficking to and from the plasma membrane. It has also been reported to promote transcr...
Authors:Cyprien Beraud, Morgane Lemaire and Danielle Perez Bercoff
Citation:Virology Journal 2018 15:35
Published on: 17 February 2018
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Content Type:Research
Characterization of subgroup J avian Leukosis virus isolated from Chinese indigenous chickens
In spite of the purification of the laying hens and broilers of avian leukosis virus (ALV) has made remarkable achievements, the infection of ALV was still serious in Chinese indigenous chickens.
Authors:Fanfeng Meng, Qiuchen Li, Yawen Zhang, Zhihui Zhang, Sibao Tian, Zhizhong Cui, Shuang Chang and Peng Zhao
Citation:Virology Journal 2018 15:33
Published on: 13 February 2018
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Content Type:Research
The CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 1, upregulated by the viral transactivator Tax, can be downregulated by minocycline: possible implications for long-term treatment of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 (CCL1) is produced by activated monocytes/ macrophages and T-lymphocytes, and acts as a potent attractant for Th2 cells and a subset of T-regulatory (Treg) cells. Previous report...
Authors:Mineki Saito, Hiroe Sejima, Tadasuke Naito, Hiroshi Ushirogawa, Toshio Matsuzaki, Eiji Matsuura, Yuetsu Tanaka, Tatsufumi Nakamura and Hiroshi Takashima
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:234
Published on: 4 December 2017
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Content Type:Research
Putative progressive and abortive feline leukemia virus infection outcomes in captive jaguarundis (Puma yagouaroundi)
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is an exogenous gammaretrovirus of domestic cats (Felis catus) and some wild felids. The outcomes of FeLV infection in domestic cats vary according to host susceptibility, virus strai...
Authors:Claudia Filoni, A. Katrin Helfer-Hungerbuehler, José Luiz Catão-Dias, Mara Cristina Marques, Luciana Neves Torres, Manfred Reinacher and Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:226
Published on: 17 November 2017
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Content Type:Research
Molecular evolution of HIV-1 integrase during the 20 years prior to the first approval of integrase inhibitors
Detailed knowledge of the evolutionary potential of polymorphic sites in a viral protein is important for understanding the development of drug resistance in the presence of an inhibitor. We therefore set out ...
Authors:Karolin Meixenberger, Kaveh Pouran Yousef, Maureen Rebecca Smith, Sybille Somogyi, Stefan Fiedler, Barbara Bartmeyer, Osamah Hamouda, Norbert Bannert, Max von Kleist and Claudia Kücherer
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:223
Published on: 14 November 2017
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Content Type:Research
A cheap and open HIV viral load technique applicable in routine analysis in a resource limited setting with a wide HIV genetic diversity
HIV infection in Cameroon is characterized by a great viral diversity with all HIV-1 groups (M, N, O, and P) and HIV-2 in circulation. HIV group determination is very important if tailored viral load analysis ...
Authors:Elodie Téclaire Ngo-Malabo, Paul Alain Ngoupo T., Martin Zekeng, Valérie Ngono, Laure Ngono, Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba, Richard Njouom and Anfumbom Kfutwah
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:224
Published on: 14 November 2017
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Content Type:Review
Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), an oncogenic member of the Deltaretrovirus genus, is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I and II). BLV infects cattle worldwide and causes important economic losses....
Authors:Meripet Polat, Shin-nosuke Takeshima and Yoko Aida
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:209
Published on: 2 November 2017
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Content Type:Research
Is MMTV associated with human breast cancer? Maybe, but probably not
Conflicting results regarding the association of MMTV with human breast cancer have been reported. Published sequence data have indicated unique MMTV strains in some human samples. However, concerns regarding ...
Authors:Raisa Perzova, Lynn Abbott, Patricia Benz, Steve Landas, Seema Khan, Jordan Glaser, Coleen K. Cunningham and Bernard Poiesz
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:196
Published on: 13 October 2017
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Content Type:Review
Mucus and Mucins: do they have a role in the inhibition of the human immunodeficiency virus?
Mucins are large O-linked glycosylated proteins which give mucus their gel-forming properties. There are indications that mucus and mucins in saliva, breast milk and in the cervical plug inhibit the human immu...
Authors:Anwar Suleman Mall, Habtom Habte, Yolanda Mthembu, Julia Peacocke and Corena de Beer
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:192
Published on: 6 October 2017
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Content Type:Short Report
The effect of bovine BST2A1 on the release and cell-to-cell transmission of retroviruses
Human BST2 (hBST2, also called Tetherin) is a host restriction factor that blocks the release of various enveloped viruses. BST2s from different mammals also possess antiviral activity. Bovine BST2s (bBST2s), ...
Authors:Zhibin Liang, Yang Zhang, Jie Song, Hui Zhang, Suzhen Zhang, Yue Li, Juan Tan and Wentao Qiao
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:173
Published on: 6 September 2017
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Content Type:Research
Membrane-anchored CCL20 augments HIV Env-specific mucosal immune responses
Induction of broad immune responses at mucosal site remains a primary goal for most vaccines against mucosal pathogens. Abundance of evidence indicates that the co-delivery of mucosal adjuvants, including cyto...
Authors:Xianliang Sun, Han Zhang, Shuiling Xu, Lili Shi, Jingjian Dong, Dandan Gao, Yan Chen and Hao Feng
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:163
Published on: 23 August 2017
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Content Type:Research
The impact of p53 on the early stage replication of retrovirus
The function of p53 in cancer biology has been studied extensively, but its role in anti-retrovirus infection has been elusive for many years. The restriction of retrovirus early stage replication by p53 was i...
Authors:Michaela Kinnetz, Faris Alghamdi, Michael Racz, Wenwei Hu and Binshan Shi
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:151
Published on: 9 August 2017
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Content Type:Research
Full-length genome sequence analysis of enzootic nasal tumor virus isolated from goats in China
Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) is a betaretrovirus of sheep (ENTV-1) and goats (ENTV-2) associated with neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells of the ethmoid turbinate. Confirmation of the role of EN...
Authors:Yapeng He, Qi Zhang, Jing Wang, Man Zhou, Mingzhe Fu and Xingang Xu
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:141
Published on: 26 July 2017
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Content Type:Short Report
Prevalence of plasma autoantibody against cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in HTLV-1 infected individuals with different clinical status
Detection of specific immune responses against cancer/testis antigen NY-ESO-1 was recently reported in patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infecte...
Authors:Yasuo Shiohama, Tadasuke Naito, Toshio Matsuzaki, Reiko Tanaka, Takeaki Tomoyose, Hiroshi Takashima, Takuya Fukushima, Yuetsu Tanaka and Mineki Saito
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:130
Published on: 17 July 2017
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Content Type:Research
A mutant Tat protein inhibits infection of human cells by strains from diverse HIV-1 subtypes
Nullbasic is a mutant HIV-1 Tat protein that inhibits HIV-1 replication via three independent mechanisms that disrupts 1) reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome into a DNA copy, 2) HIV-1 Rev protein fun...
Authors:Lina Rustanti, Hongping Jin, Mary Lor, Min Hsuan Lin, Daniel J. Rawle and David Harrich
Citation:Virology Journal 2017 14:52
Published on: 14 March 2017
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