NCI Drug Dictionary - National Cancer Institute | h/H/2

NCI Drug Dictionary - National Cancer Institute

217 results found for: H

hydroxytyrosol

A phenolic phytochemical naturally occurring in extra virgin olive oil, with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cancer preventive activities. Although the mechanisms of action through which hydroxytyrosol exerts its effects have yet to be fully determined, this agent affects the expression of various components of the inflammatory response, possibly through the modulation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathway. The effects include the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the inhibition of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a), IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a); increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; inhibition of the production of certain chemokines, such as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10/IP-10), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (CCL4/MIP-1b); and inhibition of the expression of the enzymes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) and prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGES), which prevent the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE2), respectively. In addition, hydroxytyrosol is able to regulate the expression of other genes involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, such as extracellular signal-regulated and cyclin-dependent kinases. Also, hydroxytyrosol scavenges free radicals and prevents oxidative DNA damage. This induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in susceptible cancer cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

hydroxyurea

A monohydroxyl-substituted urea (hydroxycarbamate) antimetabolite. Hydroxyurea selectively inhibits ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, an enzyme required to convert ribonucleoside diphosphates into deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates, thereby preventing cells from leaving the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. This agent also exhibits radiosensitizing activity by maintaining cells in the radiation-sensitive G1 phase and interfering with DNA repair. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

HylaCare™ cream

(Other name for: hyaluronic acid-containing topical cream)

Hymorphan

(Other name for: hydromorphone hydrochloride)

Hyperacute Melanoma

(Other name for: B16alphaGal melanoma vaccine)

HyperAcute-Lung Cancer Vaccine

(Other name for: alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase-expressing allogeneic lung tumor cell vaccine)

Hyperacute-Pancreatic Cancer Vaccine

(Other name for: algenpantucel-L)

HyperAcute™ Renal

(Other name for: alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase-expressing allogeneic renal cell carcinoma vaccine)

hyperbaric oxygen

Oxygen that is administered at a higher pressure compared to standard (i.e. sea-level) atmospheric pressure. Administration of oxygen under hyperbaric conditions enhances the delivery of oxygen to hypoxic tumor cells, thereby increasing their sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy. In addition, hyperbaric oxygen may improve the healing of radiation-induced injuries by improving oxygen delivery to damaged tissue. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Hyper-CVAD regimen

A regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone, administered on a hyperfractionated schedule, used to treat adult L3 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL3 or Burkitt's-type) and adult small non-cleaved cell (Burkitt's) lymphoma. (NCI Thesaurus)

hyperimmune bovine colostrum

A dietary supplement consisting of bovine colostrum, containing high titers of immunoglobulins (Igs), with immunostimulating and anti-infective activities. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum is harvested during the first days after calving from cows that have been inoculated repeatedly with specific pathogens during pregnancy. In addition to high titers of anti-pathogen specific antibodies, hyperimmune colostrum is also rich in other immune factors, proline-rich polypeptides (PRP), lactoferrin, glycoproteins, lactalbumins, cytokines, growth factors, vitamins, and minerals. This dietary supplement may exhbit anti-infective activity in immunocompromised patients. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

hyperpolarized helium 3

A contrast agent composed of hyperpolarized helium He 3 gas (HP3He), with potential usage in diagnostic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based imaging (MRI). Upon inhalation, the hyperpolarized helium He 3 gas is distributed throughout the lungs. MRI, immediately following HP3He administration, allows for the visualization of lung structures based on the distribution pattern of the gas. This may aid in the diagnosis of certain lung abnormalities. Hyperpolarization of He 3 enhances NMR signals and thus improves imaging and assessment of lung function. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

hyperpolarized xenon 129

A contrast agent composed of hyperpolarized xenon Xe 129 gas (HP129Xe), with potential usage in diagnostic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based imaging (MRI). Upon inhalation, the hyperpolarized xenon 129 gas is distributed throughout the lungs. MRI, immediately following HP129Xe administration, allows for the visualization of lung structures based on the distribution pattern of the gas. This may aid in the diagnosis of certain lung abnormalities. Hyperpolarization of Xe 129 enhances NMR signals and thus improves imaging and assessment of lung function. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

hypertonic saline

Any solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water with a concentration of NaCl higher than that found in physiological saline (0.9% w/v). When administered in vivo, hypertonic saline (HTS) exhbits several physiological effects beneficial to cerebral injury including: 1) osmotic and vasoregulatory - by promoting the flow of excess water from cerebral tissue to the blood via osmosis and decreasing edema in the vascular endothelium of injured tissues, thus lowering vascular resistance and allowing more blood flow; 2) hemodymanic - by effectively expanding plasma volume; 3) immunomodulatory - by preventing leukocytes from becoming activated and adhering to injured neurons and; 4) neurochemical - by counteracting detrimental excitatory amino acids through the normalization of neuronal cell membranes and by restoration of normal electrolyte and neurotransmitter levels in brain cells, and normal cell volumes. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-4000

A proprietary, hypoxia-activated prodrug with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-4000 is activated in the hypoxic cells within tumors into an irreversible pan-HER inhibitor via a mechanism of action not yet fully elucidated. As a result, this agent inhibits cellular proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells overexpressing HER kinases, which belong to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Healthy, normal tissues may be spared due to the hypoxia-specific activity of this agent, potentially reducing systemic toxicity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)

Hypoxin

(Other name for: hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-4000)

Hytone

(Other name for: therapeutic hydrocortisone)