CIENCIASMEDICASNEWS: NCI Drug Dictionary - National Cancer Institute

NCI Drug Dictionary - National Cancer Institute

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anti-FLT3 monoclonal antibody 4G8-SDIEM: A human, Fc-optimized, immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody directed against the FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptor (CD135), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon binding to FLT3, anti-FLT3 monoclonal antibody 4G8-SDIEM blocks FLT3 ligand binding to FLT3 and subsequent phosphorylation of FLT3, which may result in the inhibition of FLT3-mediated signal transduction pathways. In addition, this agent may stimulate an anti-FLT3 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against FLT3-expressing tumor cells, which may lead to the inhibition of cellular proliferation and decreased survival in FLT3-expressing cells. FLT3 (FLK2), a class III tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed or mutated in most B lineage and acute myeloid leukemias. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-FLT3 monoclonal antibody IMC-EB10: A fully human, IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptor (CD135) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon binding to FLT3, anti-FLT3 monoclonal antibody IMC-EB10 blocks FLT3 ligand binding to FLT3 and subsequent FLT3 phosphorylation, which may result in the inhibition of FLT3-mediated signal transduction pathways. In addition, this agent may stimulate an anti-FLT3 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against FLT3-expressing tumor cells, which may result in the inhibition of cellular proliferation and survival in FLT3-expressing cells. FLT3 (FLK2), a class III tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed or mutated in most B lineage and acute myeloid leukemias. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-fucosyl-GM1 monoclonal antibody BMS-986012: A monoclonal antibody directed against the ganglioside fucosyl-GM1, with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon administration, anti-fucosyl-GM1 monoclonal antibody BMS-986012 binds to fucosyl-GM1 on cancer cells and may activate both antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against the bound tumor cells. This may inhibit the proliferation of GM1-expressing tumor cells. Fucosyl-GM1, a sphingolipid monosialoganglioside and tumor-associated antigen (TAA), is overexpressed on the surface of many cancer cells while its expression is minimal or non-existent in normal tissues. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
antifungal agent F901318: A systemic antifungal agent that can potentially be used in the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-ganglioside GM2 monoclonal antibody BIW-8962: A humanized anti-ganglioside GM2 (GM2) monoclonal antibody with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulating activities. Upon administration, anti-ganglioside GM2 monoclonal antibody BIW-8962 may activate an antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against GM2-expressing tumor cells. GM2 is a tumor associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed on the surface of many cancer cells, such as multiple myeloma (MM) cells and neuroblastoma cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GCC antibody-drug conjugate MLN0264: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) containing a monoclonal antibody directed against guanylyl cyclase C (GCC or GUCY2C) conjugated to monomethylauristatin E (MMAE), an auristatin derivative and a potent microtubule inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. The monoclonal antibody moiety of MLN0264 selectively binds to GCC, a transmembrane receptor normally found on intestinal cells and dopamine neurons in the brain, but is also overexpressed on the surface of gastrointestinal cancers. Upon internalization and proteolytic cleavage, MMAE binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, resulting in G2/M phase arrest and tumor cell apoptosis in GCC-expressing tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu14.18K322A: A monoclonal antibody directed against human glycosphingolipid GD2 with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon binding to the GD2 antigen, anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu14.18K322A triggers a host immune response against GD2-expressing tumor cells, which may result in tumor cell death. GD2, an O-acetylated disialoganglioside with expression in normal tissues restricted primarily to the cerebellum and peripheral nerves, is commonly expressed at high levels on tumors of neuroectodermal origins such as melanomas and neuroblastomas. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody MORAb-028: A human IgM monoclonal antibody directed against disialoganglioside GD2 with potential immunomodulating activity. Upon administration, anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody MORAb-028 may stimulate the immune system to exert a complement-mediated cytotoxic response against GD2-expressing tumor cells. The glycosphingolipid GD2 is a tumor associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed on the surface of many cancer cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GD3 antibody-drug conjugate PF-06688992: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody against the ganglioside GD3, a surface antigen expressed on many malignant melanoma cells, and linked to an as of yet not fully elucidated chemotherapeutic agent, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of the ADC PF-06688992, the antibody moiety targets and binds to GD3 expressed on melanoma cells. Upon internalization, the chemotherapeutic agent specifically kills the GD3-positive cells. GD3 represents a major surface marker on most human melanoma cells and is not expressed on most other types of normal, healthy cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
antigen-targeted personalized breast cancer vaccine: An individualized, therapeutic cancer vaccine (IVAC) composed of liposomes containing RNA encoding two or three tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) that are specifically expressed in the patient's individual cancer selected from a warehouse (“off the shelf”) and p53 RNA, with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the antigen-targeted personalized breast cancer vaccines are translated by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and the expressed protein is presented via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of the APCs. This leads to an induction of both cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and memory T-cell immune responses against the TAAs. The RNAs in the vaccine are specifically selected for an individual patient after RNA profiling of the patient’s tumor. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GITR agonistic monoclonal antibody INCAGN01876: An anti-human glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 18; TNFRSF18; GITR; CD357) agonistic humanized monoclonal antibody, with potential immune checkpoint modulating activity. Anti-GITR antibody INCAGN01876 binds to and activates GITRs found on multiple types of T cells. This stimulates the immune system, induces both the activation and proliferation of tumor-antigen-specific T-effector cells (Teffs), and suppresses the function of activated T-regulatory cells (Tregs). This leads to tumor cell eradication. GITR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily and T-cell receptor co-stimulator, is expressed on the surface of multiple immune cell types, including Tregs, Teffs, B-cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Inappropriately activated Tregs suppress Teffs and suppress T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GITR agonistic monoclonal MS-986156: An anti-human glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR; tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 18; TNFRSF18; CD357) agonistic monoclonal antibody, with potential immune checkpoint modulating activity. Anti-GITR antibody BMS-986156 binds to and activates GITR, which is expressed on the cell surface of multiple types of T cells. This stimulates the immune system, induces both the activation and proliferation of tumor antigen-specific T-effector cells (Teffs), and suppresses the function of activated T-regulatory cells (Tregs). This leads to tumor cell eradication. GITR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily and T-cell receptor co-stimulator, is expressed on the surface of multiple immune cell types, including Tregs, Teffs, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Inappropriately activated Tregs suppress both Teffs and T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GITR monoclonal antibody GWN 323: An anti-human glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 18; TNFRSF18; GITR; CD357) agonistic monoclonal antibody, with potential immune checkpoint modulating activity. Anti-GITR antibody GWN 323 binds to and activates GITRs found on multiple types of T-cells. This stimulates the immune system, induces both the activation and proliferation of tumor-antigen-specific T effector cells (Teff), and suppresses the function of activated T regulatory cells (Tregs). This leads to tumor cell eradication. GITR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily and T-cell receptor-co-stimulator, is expressed on the surface of multiple immune cell types, including Tregs, Teffs, B-cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Inappropriately activated Tregs suppress both Teffs and T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GITR monoclonal antibody MK-4166: An anti-human glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) agonistic monoclonal antibody (MoAb) with potential immunomodulating activity. Anti-GITR monoclonal antibody MK-4166 binds to and activates GITRs found on multiple types of T-cells. This stimulates the immune system and induces both the activation and proliferation of tumor-antigen-specific T effector cells, and suppresses the function of activated T regulatory cells. This leads to tumor cell eradication. Also, this agent is shown to act synergistically with chemotherapeutic drugs in multiple cancer models. GITR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is expressed on the surface of multiple types of immune cells, including regulatory T-cells, effector T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.
anti-glypican 3-scFvGC33-CAR-expressing T lymphocytes: A preparation of autologous T lymphocytes that have been genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing a single chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from the anti-glypican-3 (GPC3) monoclonal antibody GC33 (scFvGC33), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-GPC3-scFvGC33-CAR autologous T lymphocytes specifically target and bind to GPC3-expressing tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. GPC3, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan and a member of the glypican family, is overexpressed on certain tumor cell types while minimally expressed in normal, healthy cells.. GPC3 plays an important role in cellular proliferation and differentiation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GnRH vaccine PEP223: A peptide vaccine derived from the synthetic peptide pyroEHWSYGLRPG, corresponding to amino acids 22-31 of mouse gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), with potential immunocastration activity. PEP223 is dimerized and contains a D-lysine (k) substitution at position 6 (pyroEHWSYkLRPG) to increase its immunogenicity. Anti-GnRH vaccine PEP223 may stimulate the immune system to mount a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against GnRH, neutralizing its activity. In turn, testosterone production and tumor cell growth may be inhibited in testosterone-sensitive tumors. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-gpA33/CD3 monoclonal antibody MGD007: An anti-glycoprotein A33 (gpA33)/anti-CD3 bispecific humanized monoclonal antibody with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Anti-gpA33/CD3 monoclonal antibody MGD007 possesses two antigen-recognition sites, one for the CD3 complex, a group of T-cell surface glycoproteins that complex with the T-cell receptor (TCR), and one for gpA33, a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed on the surface of certain tumor cells. Upon administration of MGD007, this bispecific antibody simultaneously binds to both CD3-expressing T-cells and gpA33-expressing cancer cells, thereby crosslinking cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) to gpA33-expressing tumor cells. This may result in CTL-mediated cell lysis of the crosslinked tumor cells. The gpA33 antigen, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is expressed in certain malignancies, including colon and gastrointestinal cancers. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GPC3 monoclonal antibody GC33: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface oncofetal protein glypican-3 (GPC3) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-GPC3 monoclonal antibody GC33 binds to GPC3 and triggers a host immune response against GPC3-expressing tumor cells, which may result in tumor cell death. GPC3, a heparin sulfate proteoglycan, is frequently upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and mesoderm-derived organs such as the liver, lungs, and kidney. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GPC3-CAR autologous T lymphocytes: A preparation of autologous T-lymphocytes that have been genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for glypican-3 (GPC3), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-GPC3-CAR autologous T-lymphocytes specifically target and bind to GPC3-expressing tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. GPC3, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan and a member of the glypican family, is overexpressed on certain tumor cell types while minimally expressed in normal, healthy cells; GPC3 plays an important role in cellular proliferation and differentiation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-GRP78 monoclonal antibody PAT-SM6: A IgM monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78; also called BiP or HSPA5), with potential proapoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration of the anti-GRP78 monoclonal antibody PAT-SM6, the MoAb strongly binds to GRP78, thereby preventing the activation of multiple GRP78-mediated pathways and blocking the GRP78-induced suppression of apoptotic pathways. This eventually leads to the induction of tumor cell apoptosis and a reduction in tumor cell proliferation. GRP78, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone and unfolded protein response (UPR) regulator, is overexpressed on the surface of a variety of cancer cell types; its expression is associated with increased tumor cell survival and proliferation, as well as angiogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HA epitope monoclonal antibody MEDI8852: A human immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 kappa monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting a unique epitope in the stalk of the influenza A hemagglutinin (HA) protein, with broad influenza A virus neutralization activity. MEDI8852 was derived from an antibody isolated from human memory B cells from patients previously infected with influenza caused by type A strains that was further optimized to increase neutralization potential. Upon infusion, MEDI8852 targets and binds to a region within the stalk of the HA protein that is highly conserved amongst all influenza A virus subtypes. This neutralizes and prevents essential steps of the viral lifecycle, thereby blocking infectivity of all influenza A virus subtypes. HA, a glycoprotein found on the surface of the influenza virus, plays a key role in viral attachment and cell entry. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HB-EGF monoclonal antibody KHK2866: A proprietary fucose-free monoclonal antibody directed against human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-HB-EGF monoclonal antibody KHK2866 binds to HBEGF, thereby blocking its binding to the EGF receptors. This prevents EGF receptor activation and the subsequent induction of cell growth signaling. HBEGF is mitogenic for fibroblasts and smooth muscle and may be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation. The fucose-free monoclonal antibodies enhance antigen dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and increase binding affinity to the Fc receptor to overcome genetic polymorphism. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HBEGF monoclonal antibody U3-1565: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-HBEGF monoclonal antibody U3-1565 binds to HBEGF and blocks the binding of HBEGF to the EGF receptors. This prevents EGF receptor activation and the subsequent induction of cell growth signaling. HBEGF is mitogenic for fibroblasts and smooth muscle and may be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-hCD70-CAR retroviral vector-transduced autologous PBLs: A preparation of autologous human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) transduced with a retroviral vector encoding for a T-cell chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene specific for the human cluster of differentiation 70 (CD70), with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Autologous PBLs from a patient with CD70-positive cancer are transduced with a retroviral vector that encodes the CAR gene specific for CD70. After expansion in culture and reintroduction into the patient, anti-hCD70-CAR retroviral vector-transduced autologous PBLs bind to the CD70 antigen on tumor cell surfaces; subsequently, CD70-expressing tumor cells are lysed. CD70, the ligand for the costimulatory receptor CD27, is overexpressed on the surfaces of various cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HCV E2 monoclonal antibody MBL-HCV1: A neutralizing, human monoclonal antibody against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 envelope glycoprotein, with potential immunomodulatory and antiviral activities against HCV. Upon administration, anti-HCV E2 monoclonal antibody MBL-HCV1 recognizes and binds to the E2 glycoprotein of HCV. This suppresses HCV load and provides passive immunization against HCV. This may prevent both infection by HCV in immunocompromised patients and hepatitis C-related liver disease. HCV is a small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
antihemophilic factor, human recombinant: The recombinant form of human antihemophilic factor (AH) (Factor VIII) with coagulation promoting activity. Antihemophilic factor binds to factor IXa in the coagulation cascade along with calcium and phospholipid. This complex converts factor X to the activated form, factor Xa. In turn, factor Xa/Va complex activates thrombin, which cleaves fibrinogen into fibrin, eventually resulting in blood clot formation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER2 ADC DS-8201a: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2; EGFR2; HER2) conjugated to a derivative of the camptothecin analog exatecan (DXd; DX-8951 derivative), a DNA topoisomerase 1 (topoisomerase I; Top1) inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of anti-HER2 ADC conjugate DS-8201a, the antibody moiety targets and binds to HER2 on tumor cells. Upon antibody/antigen binding and internalization, the DX-8951 derivative moiety binds to and inhibits Top1-DNA complexes, which results in an inhibition of DNA replication, cell cycle arrest and tumor cell apoptosis. HER2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed by many cancer cell types. In addition, DS-8201a induces antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and causes a bystander killing effect, thereby killing neighboring HER2-expressing tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate ARX788: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (EGFR2; HER2) site-specifically conjugated, via the non-natural amino acid linker para-acetyl-phenylalanine (pAcF), to the auristatin analog and potent microtubule inhibitor monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of anti-HER2 ADC ARX788, the antibody moiety targets and binds to HER2 on tumor cells. Upon antibody/antigen binding and internalization, MMAF binds to and inhibits tubulin polymerization, which results in G2/M phase arrest and tumor cell apoptosis. HER2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed by many cancer cell types. The site-specific conjugation of the cytotoxic agent to the antibody improves the biophysical properties of ARX788, increases payload stability and optimizes its efficacy. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate MEDI4276: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a bispecific antibody against the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2) comprised of the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, which binds to domain IV of HER2, fused to the heavy chains of the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody 39S, which binds to domain II of HER2, and conjugated, via a cleavable linker, to the cytotoxic anti-microtubule agent tubulysin, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of MEDI4276, the anti-HER2 bispecific antibody specifically targets and binds to HER2 on the surface of certain cancer cells. Upon binding, crosslinking and internalization of antibody-HER2 complexes occurs and MEDI4276 is transported to the lysosome where the linker is cleaved, thereby delivering tubulysin inside HER2-expressing cancer cells. Tubulysin binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerization, which blocks cell division. This results in G2/M phase arrest, tumor cell apoptosis, and decreased proliferation of HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed by many cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate RC48: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (EGFR2; HER2) and conjugated to an as-of-yet undisclosed cytotoxic agent, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of anti-HER2 ADC RC48, the antibody moiety targets and binds to HER2 on tumor cells. Upon antibody/antigen binding and internalization, the cytotoxic agent induces tumor cell apoptosis, through an as of yet not publicly known mechanism. HER2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed by many cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER2 bi-specific monoclonal antibody ZW25: An engineered bi-specific monoclonal antibody that targets two different epitopes of the human tumor-associated antigen (TAA) epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. After binding to HER2 on the tumor cell surface, anti-HER2 bispecific monoclonal antibody ZW25 induces a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells that overexpress HER2. Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) is also induced and further stimulates the immune system to kill HER2-overexpressing tumor cells. In addition, binding of ZW25 to HER2 induces receptor internalization, which inhibits HER2 activation, HER2-mediated signaling and HER2-mediated tumor cell growth. HER2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed by many cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody CT-P6: A monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activity. After binding to HER2 on the tumor cell surface, anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody CT-P6 may induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) as well as an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells that overexpress HER2. HER2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed by many cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody/anti-CD137 anticalin bispecific fusion protein PRS-343: A bivalent, bispecific fusion protein comprised of an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) monoclonal antibody linked to a CD137-targeting anticalin with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody/anti-CD137 anticalin bispecific fusion protein PRS-343, CD137 clustering is promoted by bridging CD137-positive T cells with HER2-positive tumor cells, leading to the recruitment of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). This may result in potent CTL-mediated lysis of HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2 plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. CD137 is a costimulatory immunoreceptor and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). Anticalins are synthetic antigen-binding proteins derived from lipocalins. Structurally dissimilar to antibodies, anticalins are able to bind to smaller antigens and exhibit improved tissue penetration. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
Anti-HER2/Anti-CD3 Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody GBR 1302: An anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/anti-CD3 bispecific monoclonal antibody with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Anti-HER2/Anti-CD3 bispecific monoclonal antibody GBR 1302 possesses two antigen recognition sites, one for HER2, a tyrosine kinase receptor overexpressed by many cancer cell types, and one for the CD3 complex, a group of T-cell surface glycoproteins that interact with the T-cell receptor (TCR). Upon administration of GBR 1302, this bispecific monoclonal antibody simultaneously binds to both CD3-expressing T cells and HER2-expressing cancer cells, thereby crosslinking HER2-expressing tumor cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). This may result in potent CTL-mediated lysis of HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2 plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER2/auristatin payload antibody-drug conjugate XMT-1522: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of HT-19, a monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2; HER2), conjugated, via a proprietary biodegradable, hydrophilic polymer backbone and various linkers, to proprietary auristatin-derived payload molecules (about 15 per antibody), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of anti-HER2/auristatin payload ADC XMT-1522, the antibody moiety targets and binds to a unique epitope in the extracellular domain (ECD) of HER2. Upon internalization, cleavage and release of the cytotoxic molecules, the auristatin-derived molecules bind to tubulin and inhibit its polymerization, which results in G2/M phase arrest and induces apoptosis of HER2-expressing tumor cells. The attachment of multiple auristatin molecules to the backbone enables XMT-1522 to effectively kill tumors that express relatively low amounts of the HER2 protein; therefore, this agent shows increased therapeutic potential in tumors with low HER2 expression compared to other anti-HER2 antibody-based therapies. The polymer-based proprietary platform optimizes delivery of the cytotoxic drug payload and improves drug solubility. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER2-CAR autologous CMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes: Autologous human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) transduced with a retroviral vector encoding a human anti-HER2 (epidermal growth factor receptor 2) chimeric T cell receptor (CAR) gene with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Autologous CTLs from a patient with HER2- and CMV-positive glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are genetically modified to express CAR gene specific for HER2 on their cell surfaces. After expansion in culture and reintroduction into the patient, the anti-HER2-CAR autologous CMV-specific CTLs bind to HER2 antigen on tumor cell surfaces; subsequently, HER2-positive tumor cells and stem cells may be lysed. HER2 (ErbB2), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types, plays key roles in tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. CMV is present in the majority of GBM tumors. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-Her-2-CAR retroviral vector-transduced autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes: Autologous human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) transduced with a retroviral vector encoding an anti-Her-2 (epidermal growth factor receptor 2) chimeric T cell receptor (chimeric antigen receptor or CAR) gene with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Autologous PBLs from a patient with Her-2-positive cancer are pulsed with a retroviral vector that encodes the CAR gene specific for Her-2. After expansion in culture and reintroduction into the patient, anti-Her-2-CAR retroviral vector-transduced autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes, expressing anti-Her-2-CAR on their cell surfaces, bind to Her-2 antigen on tumor cell surfaces; subsequently, Her-2-expressing tumor cells may be lysed. Her-2 (ErbB-2), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types, belongs to the EGFR superfamily and plays key roles in tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER2-vc0101 ADC PF-06804103: A proprietary antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) site-specifically linked, via a protease cleavable linker, to an analog of dolastatin 10, Auristatin-0101, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, anti-HER2-vc0101 ADC PF-06804103 targets HER2 expressed on tumor cells. Upon binding, internalization and cleavage, Auristatin-0101 binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, resulting in G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis of HER2-expressing tumor cells. HER2, a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), is overexpressed on a variety of cancer cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER3 antibody-drug conjugate U3 1402: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of patritumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor HER3 (ErbB3),linked to the topoisomerase I inhibitor DX 8951, a semisynthetic, water-soluble derivative of camptothecin, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of the anti-HER3 ADC U3 1402, the patritumab moiety targets and binds to HER3. After internalization, DX 8951 inhibits topoisomerase I activity by stabilizing the complex between topoisomerase I and DNA and inhibiting religation of DNA breaks, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and triggering apoptotic cell death. HER3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is frequently overexpressed in tumors. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody GSK2849330: A monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3; ERBB3) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody GSK2849330 binds to HER3 and inhibits its activation. This may prevent HER3-mediated signaling and inhibit HER3-dependent tumor cell proliferation and differentiation. HER3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is frequently overexpressed in tumors and is associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance; it has no active kinase domain but is activated through heterodimerization with other members of the EGFR receptor family, such as HER2. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody LJM716: A human monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor HER3 (ErbB3) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody LJM716 possesses a novel mechanism of action; LJM716 binds to and locks HER3 in the inactive conformation and does not interfere with its interaction with neuregulin (NRG). The inactivated form of HER3 blocks the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting cellular proliferation in HER2 or NRG expressing tumor cells. HER3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is frequently overexpressed in tumors; it has no active kinase domain but is activated through heterodimerization with other members of the EGFR receptor family, such as HER2. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HGF monoclonal antibody TAK-701: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-HGF monoclonal antibody TAK-701 binds to the soluble ligand HGF, preventing HGF binding to and activation of the HGF receptor c-Met and so the activation of the c-Met signaling pathway; this may result in the induction of cell death in c-Met-expressing tumor cells. c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed or mutated in a variety of tumor cell types, plays a key role in cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HIF-1alpha LNA antisense oligonucleotide EZN-2968: A synthetic antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS ODN) targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-HIF-1alpha LNA antisense oligonucleotide EZN-2968 hybridizes with HIF-1alpha mRNA and blocks t HIF-1 alpha protein expression, which may result in the inhibition of angiogenesis, the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and apoptosis. HIF-1alpha, normally activated in response to hypoxia-induced stress, is a key transcription regulator of a large number of genes important in cellular adaptation to low-oxygen conditions, including angiogenesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell invasion. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HLA-A2/NY-ESO-1 TCR-transduced autologous T lymphocytes: Autologous human peripheral blood T lymphocytes transduced with a lentiviral or retroviral vector encoding a human leukocyte antigen A2 (HLA-A2)-restricted anti-cancer-testis antigen 1 (NY-ESO-1) T-cell receptor (TCR) gene, with potential antineoplastic activity. Following leukapheresis, isolation of lymphocytes, expansion ex vivo, transduction, and re-introduction into the patient, the anti-HLA-A2/NY-ESO-1 TCR-transduced autologous T lymphocytes recognize and bind to NY-ESO-1/HLA-A2-positive tumor cells. This results in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated elimination of NY-ESO-1-positive cancer cells. NY-ESO-1, a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), is found in normal testis and on the surface of various tumor cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody IMMU-114: A humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets the human leukocyte antigen HLA-DR, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody IMMU-114 binds to HLA-DR on HLA-DR-expressing tumor cells and, although the exact mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated, appears to induce hyperactivation of ERK- and JNK-dependent mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways. This may lead to mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This eventually leads to an induction of tumor cell apoptosis and a reduction in tumor cell proliferation. IMMU-14 may be beneficial in the treatment of graft versus host disease (GVHD) as it appears to suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activation. As the Fc region of the orgnial IgG1 MoAb was replaced with the IgG4 isotype, IMMU-114 does not induce a complement cytotoxicity (CDC) or an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) . HLA-DR, a MHC class II molecule, is found on various B-cell hematologic malignancies and in autoimmune diseases as well as on normal cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-human chorionic gonadotropin vaccine: A peptide vaccine consisting of the whole or partial beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (hCG), linked to an adjuvant carrier of bacterial or viral origin, with anti-fertility activity. Anti-human chorionic gonadotropin vaccine blocks the activity of hCG which is naturally produced by the trophectoderm of the pre-implantation embryo within a few days of fertilization. hCG is required for the maintenance of the corpus luteum in the ovary thus ensuring its continued production of progesterone, which is required for the successful completion of implantation of the blastocyst. Without progesterone, the corpus luteum regresses, and menstruation is initiated. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-human GITR monoclonal antibody TRX518: A humanized, Fc disabled anti-human glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) with immunomodulating activity. Anti-human GITR MoAb TRX518 blocks the interaction of GITR, found on multiple types of T cells, with its ligand, thereby inducing both the activation of tumor-antigen-specific T effector cells, as well as abrogating the suppression induced by inappropriately activated T regulatory cells. This agent is shown to act synergistically with chemotherapeutic drugs in multiple cancer models. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-human integrin alpha v subunit monoclonal antibody EMD 525797: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the human alpha v integrin subunit with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Anti-human integrin alpha v subunit monoclonal antibody EMD 525797, a chimeric antibody which includes the antigen binding sites of the anti-integrin mouse antibody 17E6, binds to and inhibits the activity of alphavbeta3 integrin (vitronectin receptor); this may result in the inhibition of endothelial cell-cell interactions, endothelial cell-matrix interactions, and integrin-mediated tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in alphavbeta3-expressing tumor cells. Alphavbeta3 integrin, a cell adhesion and signaling receptor, is expressed on the surface of tumor vessel endothelial cells and plays a crucial role in endothelial cell adhesion and migration. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody BI-505: A fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1 or CD54), with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody BI-505 selectively binds to the adhesion protein ICAM-1, which may result in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), hyper-cross-linking-induced apoptosis, and a decrease in cellular proliferation of ICAM-1-expressing tumor cells. ICAM-1, normally expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells, may be overexpressed in a variety of cancers. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-ICOS agonist antibody GSK3359609: An agonistic antibody for the inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS; CD278), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-ICOS agonist antibody GSK3359609 targets and binds to ICOS expressed on tumor infiltrating CD4-positive T cells. This stimulates ICOS-positive T-cell proliferation, enhances cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) survival and increases CTL-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. ICOS, a T-cell specific, CD28-superfamily costimulatory molecule and immune checkpoint protein, is normally expressed on certain activated T cells and plays a key role in the proliferation and activation of T cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-ICOS agonist monoclonal antibody BMS-986226: An agonistic monoclonal antibody that recognizes inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS; CD278), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-ICOS agonist monoclonal antibody BMS-986226 targets and binds to ICOS expressed on certain T cells. This stimulates ICOS-mediated signaling, induces proliferation of ICOS-positive T cells, enhances cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) survival and augments the CTL-mediated immune response against tumor cells. ICOS, a T-cell-specific, CD28-superfamily co-stimulatory molecule and immune checkpoint protein, is normally expressed on certain activated T cells and plays a key role in the proliferation and activation of T cells.
anti-ICOS agonist monoclonal antibody JTX-2011: An agonistic humanized monoclonal antibody that recognizes inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS; CD278), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, anti-ICOS agonist monoclonal antibody JTX-2011 targets and binds to ICOS expressed on certain T cells. This stimulates ICOS-mediated signaling, induces proliferation of ICOS-positive T cells, enhances cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) survival and augments the CTL-mediated immune response against tumor cells. ICOS, a T-cell specific, CD28-superfamily co-stimulatory molecule and immune checkpoint protein, is normally expressed on certain activated T cells and plays a key role in the proliferation and activation of T cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-ICOS monoclonal antibody MEDI-570: An Fc-optimized humanized immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) directed against the inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS, CD278), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-ICOS MoAb MEDI-570 targets and binds to ICOS expressed on tumor infiltrating CD4-positive T-cells. This prevents the interaction between ICOS-positive T-cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which express the ICOS ligand (ICOSL). Blocking ICOS activation prevents the pDC-induced proliferation and accumulation of regulatory ICOS-positive T-cells (ICOS+ Tregs) and inhibits interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion by CD4+ infiltrating T-cells. This may abrogate Treg-mediated immune suppression and may enhance cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. Fc optimization enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). ICOS, a T-cell specific, CD28-superfamily costimulatory molecule and immune checkpoint protein, plays a key role in the proliferation and activation of T-cells. It is normally expressed on both activated CD4+ T-cells, which is a subset of memory T-cells (Tm), and follicular helper T-cells (Tfh). ICOS is highly expressed on Tregs infiltrating various tumors and its expression is associated with a poor prognosis; ICOS-positive Tregs play a key role in immune suppression and tumor immune evasion. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-IGF1/2 monoclonal antibody MEDI-573: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1/2) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IGF1/2 monoclonal antibody MEDI-573 inhibits IGF1- and IGF2-stimulated activation of membrane-bound IGF receptors and the subsequent triggering of proliferation and survival signaling pathways. This may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. IGF1/2 ligands stimulate cell proliferation, enable oncogenic transformation, and suppress apoptosis; IGF1/2 signaling has been highly implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody AVE1642: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the human insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R/CD221) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody AVE1642 specifically binds to and blocks membrane-bound IGF-1R, preventing the binding of the natural ligand IGF-1 and the subsequent activation of PI3K/AKT signal transduction, which may result in the induction of apoptosis and a decrease in cellular proliferation. Activation of IGF-1R , a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor superfamily overexpressed by various cancer cell types, stimulates cell proliferation, promotes angiogenesis, enables oncogenic transformation, and suppresses apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-IGF-1R recombinant monoclonal antibody BIIB022: A recombinant, human monoclonal antibody directed against the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IGF-1R recombinant monoclonal antibody BIIB022 binds to membrane-bound IGF-1R, preventing binding of the ligand IGF-1 and the subsequent triggering of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; inhibition of this survival signaling pathway may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. The activation of IGF-1R, a tyrosine kinase and a member of the insulin receptor family, stimulates cell proliferation, enables oncogenic transformation, and suppresses apoptosis; IGF-1R signaling has been highly implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-IL-1 alpha monoclonal antibody CA-18C3: A "true human" (cloned from human B lymphocytes) monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin-1 alpha (IL1a) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IL-1 alpha monoclonal antibody CA-18C3 binds to IL1a and may block the activity of IL1a. IL1a, an inflammatory mediator, plays a key role in interleukin-mediated tumor cell activity such as angiogenesis, tissue matrix remodeling, metastasis and tumor cell invasion. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-IL-13 humanized monoclonal antibody TNX-650: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin-13 (IL-13) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IL-13 humanized monoclonal antibody TNX-650 binds to and blocks the activity of IL-13, which may result in the inhibition of Hodkin lympoma cell proliferation. IL-13 cytokine, an important mediator in allergic inflammation, may be an autocrine growth factor for Hodgkin lymphoma cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody AMG 714: A human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody directed against the human pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15), with potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody AMG 714 binds to and neutralizes IL-15, thereby preventing IL-15-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling. By inhibiting IL-15-mediated immune responses, AMG 714 decreases natural killer (NK) cell activation and proliferation, reduces T-cell infiltration, increases T-cell apoptosis, and may prevent the growth of IL-15-driven cancer cells. IL-15 plays a key role in inflammation and is associated with a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders as well as with cell proliferation in certain cancer types, such as T-cell lymphomas. IL-15 is required for the proliferation of certain T-cells and NK cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-IL17A monoclonal antibody CJM112: A human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody against the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 17A (IL-17A; IL-17), with potential anti-inflammatory activity. Upon subcutaneous administration, anti-IL17A monoclonal antibody CJM112 selectively targets and binds to IL-17A, thereby neutralizing the IL-17A protein. This prevents binding of IL-17A to the IL-17 receptor (IL-17R), and inhibits IL-17A/IL-17R-mediated signaling and inflammation mediated by this pathway. IL-17A is mainly produced by inflammatory T helper 17 cells (Th17), and certain lymphocytes. IL-17A production is upregulated in many immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis (MS), and plays a key role in the development of inflammation and the immune response.
anti-IL-4/IL-13 combination agent QBX258: A combination agent composed of the two human monoclonal antibodies VAK694 (VAK296), targeting interleukin-4 (IL-4), and dectrekumab, targeting IL-13, that can potentially be used to block signaling mediated by IL-4 and IL-13. Upon intravenous administration of the anti-IL-4/IL-13 combination agent QBX258, the two antibodies VAK694 and dectrekumab target and block the activity of the two cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, respectively, which prevents IL-4/IL-13-mediated signaling. In patients with breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL), this agent may prevent lymphedema-associated effects, such as fibrosis, hyperkeratosis, the deposition of fibroadipose tissue, fluid accumulation, limb swelling, reduction of skin elasticity, and pain. By reducing the excess volume, QBX258 may improve lymphatic and arm functions. The development of lymphedema after lymphatic injury is associated with tissue inflammation, the infiltration of CD4-positive cells and their differentiation to the type 2 helper T-cell (Th2) phenotype. Th2 cells produce IL-4 and IL-13 that play a key role in the development of lymphedema-associated symptoms as well as other Th2-mediated diseases. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody HuMax-IL8: A human monoclonal antibody against the pro-inflammatory mediator interleukin-8 (IL-8; CXCL8), with potential antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, HuMax-IL8 directly binds to IL-8, thereby inhibiting the binding of IL-8 to its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. This inhibits activation of IL-8-mediated signaling transduction pathways, which decreases proliferation of susceptible tumor cells. Also, HuMax-IL8 effectively blocks binding of IL-8 to neutrophils and inhibits neutrophil activation and recruitment towards sites of inflammation, which reduces inflammation. IL-8, a member of the CXC chemokine family, is upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types and inflammatory diseases; it plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, endothelial cell proliferation, and cancer stem cell (CSC) renewal. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-inflammatory antibody ALXN1007: A proprietary antibody that targets the complement inflammatory pathway with potential immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon intravenous administration, anti-inflammatory antibody ALXN1007 modulates the complement inflammatory pathway through binding to an as of yet undisclosed target. This may help in the treatment of certain inflammatory-mediated disorders, such as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). This agent may also influence the progression of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-inflammatory/antimicrobial/analgesic aqueous mouth rinse: A water-based proprietary mouthwash with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and analgesic activities. Upon rinsing with this mouthwash, the unspecified ingredients may help prevent or reduce the symptoms and severity of mucositis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-integrin monoclonal antibody-DM4 immunoconjugate IMGN388: An immunoconjugate consisting of an anti-integrin monoclonal antibody covalently attached to the maytansinoid DM4, a derivative of the cytotoxic agent maytansine (DM1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-integrin monoclonal antibody-DM4 immunoconjugate IMGN388 binds to tumor cell surface integrins; upon internalization, the DM4 moiety is released from the immunoconjugate, binding to tubulin and disrupting microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics, which may result in inhibition of cell division and cell growth of integrin-expressing tumor cells. Integrins, a class of transmembrane cell surface receptors, link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to intracellular signaling pathways that control cell proliferation and differentiation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-interferon gamma monoclonal antibody NI-0501: A human monoclonal antibody against the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; IFNg), with potential immunomodulating activity. Upon administration, the anti-IFNg monoclonal antibody NI-0501 binds to and neutralizes IFNg. This inhibits IFNg-mediated signaling pathways and suppresses the activation of the immune system. IFNg, a cell-signaling protein, plays a key role in the regulation and activation of the immune system; its upregulation is associated with certain auto-immune and auto-inflammatory diseases in which the immune system is abnormally activated. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-interleukin 6 monoclonal antibody ALD518: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (Il-6) with potential immunomodulating activity. Upon administration, anti-interleukin 6 monoclonal antibody ALD518 binds to and blocks the activity of IL-6, which may mitigate the catabolic effects of IL-6. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-interleukin-1 alpha monoclonal antibody MABp1: A human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 alpha (IL1a) with potential antineoplastic, anti-cachectic and anti-angiogenic activities. Anti-IL1a monoclonal antibody MABp1 targets and binds to IL1a and prevents IL1a activity. This prevents IL1a-mediated tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. In addition, MABp1 abrogates IL1a-mediated cachexia. IL1a, an inflammatory mediator expressed on monocytes, platelets and overexpressed by certain tumors, plays a key role in the promotion of tumor cell growth, metastasis and invasion. In addition, IL1a stimulates metabolic activity in the central nervous system. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-KIR monoclonal antibody IHP 2101: A human monoclonal antibody directed against the human inhibitory killer IgG-like receptor (KIR) with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Anti-KIR monoclonal antibody IPH 2101 binds to the KIR receptor expressed on human natural killer (NK) cells, which may prevent KIR-mediated inhibition of NK cells and permit NK cell-mediated anti-tumor cytotoxicity. KIRs are surface glycoproteins that bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I subtypes on target cells; binding of KIRs inhibits NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-KIR3DL2 monoclonal antibody IPH4102: A humanized monoclonal antibody against the immune receptor human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 2 (KIR3DL2), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the anti-KIR3DL2 monoclonal antibody IPH4102 binds to KIR3DL2 expressed on certain tumor cells. This recruits natural killer (NK) cells and leads to lysis of KIR3DL2-expressing tumor cells. In addition, IPH4102 induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), thereby further eliminating tumor cells. KIR3DL2, a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and inhibitory receptor of the KIR family, is specifically expressed in most subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) and expressed only on a fraction of normal NK cells. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-K-RAS G12V mTCR-transduced autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes: Autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) transduced with an HLA class I histocompatibility antigen A*11:01 (HLA-A1101)-restricted murine T-cell receptor (mTCR) that recognizes the glycine to valine point mutation at position 12 (G12V) variant of K-RAS, with potential antineoplastic activity. HLA-A1101 positive PBLs are harvested from a K-RAS G12V-expressing cancer patient and transfected with a retroviral vector that encodes anti-K-RAS G12V mTCR. The transduced PBLs are then expanded in culture. When reintroduced to the patient, these anti-K-RAS G12V mTCR-expressing PBLs target and bind to K-RAS G12V-overexpressing tumor cells, which results in both cytokine secretion and tumor cell lysis. K-RAS, a member of the RAS family of oncogenes, serves an important role in cell signaling, division and differentiation. Mutation of K-RAS may induce constitutive signal transduction leading to tumor cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody BI 754111: A monoclonal antibody directed against the antigen lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3; CD223). Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody LAG525: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the inhibitory receptor lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody LAG525 binds to LAG-3 expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and blocks its binding with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules expressed on tumor cells. This activates antigen-specific T-lymphocytes and enhances cytotoxic T-cell-mediated tumor cell lysis, which leads to a reduction in tumor growth. LAG-3, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and expressed on various immune cells, negatively regulates cellular proliferation and activation of T-cells. Its expression on TILs is associated with tumor-mediated immune suppression. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-LAG3 monoclonal antibody MK-4280: A humanized, immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against the inhibitory receptor lymphocyte activation gene-3 protein (LAG3), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the anti-LAG3 monoclonal antibody MK-4280 binds to LAG3 expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and blocks its binding with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules expressed on tumor cells. This activates antigen-specific T lymphocytes and enhances cytotoxic T-cell-mediated tumor cell lysis, which leads to a reduction in tumor growth. LAG3, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), is expressed on various immune cells, and negatively regulates both proliferation and activation of T cells. Its expression on TILs is associated with tumor-mediated immune suppression. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody REGN3767: A monoclonal antibody directed against the inhibitory receptor lymphocyte activation gene-3 protein (LAG-3; LAG3; CD223), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody REGN3767 binds to LAG-3 expressed by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and blocks LAG-3 binding to tumor cells expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. This may activate antigen-specific T lymphocytes and enhance cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated tumor cell lysis, which leads to a reduction in tumor growth. LAG-3, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), is expressed on various immune cells; its expression on TILs is associated with tumor-mediated immune suppression and the negative regulation of both cellular proliferation and T-cell activation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-LAG3 monoclonal antibody TSR-033: A humanized, immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody directed against the inhibitory receptor lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3; LAG-3), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the anti-LAG3 monoclonal antibody TSR-033 binds to LAG3 expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and blocks its binding with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules expressed on tumor cells. This activates antigen-specific T-lymphocytes and enhances cytotoxic T-cell-mediated tumor cell lysis, which leads to a reduction in tumor growth. LAG3, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), is expressed on various immune cells, and negatively regulates both proliferation and activation of T-cells. Its expression on TILs is associated with tumor-mediated immune suppression. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-LAMP1 antibody-drug conjugate SAR428926: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of a monoclonal antibody against lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) conjugated, via the disulfide-containing cleavable linker N-succinimidyl-4-(2-pyridyldithio)butyrate (SPDB), to the cytotoxic maytansinoid DM4, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of anti-LAMP1 ADC SAR428926, the anti-LAMP1 monoclonal antibody moiety targets and binds to the cell surface antigen LAMP1. After antibody-antigen interaction and internalization, the SPDB linker is selectively cleaved by proteases in the cytosol and the DM4 moiety is released. DM4 binds to tubulin and disrupts microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics, thereby inhibiting both cell division and cell growth of LAMP1-expressing tumor cells. LAMP1, overexpressed on a variety of cancer cells, plays a key role in cell-cell adhesion and migration. The SPDB linker is resistant to cleavage in the bloodstream, which may increase stability and reduce toxicity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-LeY-CAR-transduced autologous T lymphocytes: Genetically modified, autologous T lymphocytes transduced with a retroviral vector encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) Lewis-Y (LeY), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration, anti-LeY-CAR-transduced autologous T lymphocytes specifically target and induce selective toxicity in LeY-expressing tumor cells. LeY, a difucosylated carbohydrate antigen, is overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-LGR5 monoclonal antibody BNC101: A humanized monoclonal antibody targeting leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the anti-LGR5 humanized monoclonal antibody BNC101 targets and binds to LGR5, thereby inhibiting LGR5-mediated signal transduction pathways. This prevents proliferation of LGR5-expressing tumor cells. LGR5, a member of the Wnt signaling pathway, is a cancer stem cell (CSC) receptor overexpressed on certain cancer cells; it plays a key role in CSC proliferation and survival. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-LIV-1 monoclonal antibody-MMAE conjugate SGN-LIV1A: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the anti-solute carrier family 39 zinc transporter member 6 (SLC39A6; LIV-1; ZIP6) protein that is conjugated, via a protease-cleavable linker, to the cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration and internalization by LIV-1-positive tumor cells, anti-LIV-1 antibody-drug conjugate SGN-LIV1A undergoes enzymatic cleavage to release MMAE into the cytosol. In turn, MMAE binds to and inhibits tubulin polymerization, which may result in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in LIV-1-expressing tumor cells. LIV-1, a member of the zinc transporter family, is expressed in several types of solid tumors and plays a key role in tumor cell progression and metastasis. The linkage system in SGN-LIV1A is highly stable in plasma, resulting in cytotoxic specificity against LIV-1-positive cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-LOXL2 monoclonal antibody GS-6634: A humanized monoclonal antibody against lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-LOXL2 monoclonal antibody AB0024 targets and specifically binds to the scavenger receptor cysteine rich domain 4 (SRCR-4) on LOXL2, thereby preventing the crosslinking of collagen and inhibiting the recruitment and activation of fibroblasts. Inhibiting fibroblast activation and the subsequent production of growth factors and chemokines may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. LOXL2, a member of the lysyl oxidase (LO) gene family, is an extracellular, copper-dependent enzyme overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types, and contributes to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-Ly6E antibody-drug conjugate DLYE5953A: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of an antibody against the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus E (Ly6E) and linked to an as of yet undisclosed cytotoxic agent, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, the antibody moiety of DLYE5953A targets and binds to Ly6E expressed on tumor cells. Upon binding and internalization, the cytotoxic agent is released and kills, through an as of yet unknown mechanism of action, the Ly6E-expressing cancer cells. Ly6E, an interferon (IFN)-inducible glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell membrane protein, is expressed on a variety of tumor cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibody OMS721: A monoclonal antibody against mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2), with potential anti-thrombotic and immunomodulating activities. Upon subcutaneous administration, OMS721 binds to and inhibits MASP-2. This prevents the activation of MASP-2, the cleavage of certain complement components, and the activation of the complement lectin pathway. This inhibits complement deposition and complement-induced thrombus formation. MASP-2, a pro-inflammatory protein, plays a key role in the activation of the lectin complement pathway, which is a key component in the immune system, and is associated with complement-mediated diseases, such as thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs), which includes hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)-related TMA, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
Anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibody MCS110: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) with potential anti-osteolytic activity. Anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibody MCS110 binds to M-CSF and blocks M-CSF-mediated signaling through the M-CSF receptor CD116 expressed on osteoclasts, which may result in inhibition of M-CSF-induced osteoclast differentiation and so osteoclastic bone resorption. Osteoclasts are derived through the fusion of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Osteoblasts and stromal cells may react to bone metastases by producing M-CSF and its osteoclastogenic cofactor RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand). Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-mesothelin antibody-drug conjugate BMS-986148: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody directed against the cell surface glycoprotein mesothelin and conjugated to an as of yet undisclosed cytotoxic drug, with potential antineoplastic activity. The monoclonal antibody moiety of anti-mesothelin ADC BMS-986148 targets and binds to the tumor-associated antigen mesothelin. Upon internalization, the cytotoxic agent kills or prevents cellular proliferation of mesothelin-expressing tumor cells through an as of yet undescribed mechanism of action. Mesothelin is overexpressed by all mesotheliomas and a variety of other cancers, while it is minimally expressed in normal tissue. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-mesothelin CAR vector-transduced autologous T lymphocytes: Genetically modified, autologous T lymphocytes transduced with a retroviral vector encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) consisting of an anti-human tumor-associated antigen (TAA) mesothelin single chain variable fragment (scFv), the intracellular CD3 zeta T-cell receptor domain and the 4-1BB (cd137) costimulatory domain, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. After isolation, transduction, expansion in culture, and reintroduction into the patient, the anti-mesothelin CAR vector-transduced autologous T lymphocytes specifically target and kill mesothelin-expressing tumor cells. Mesothelin, a cell surface glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion, is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-mesothelin cytolytic fusion protein LMB-100: An anti-mesothelin (MSLN) recombinant cytolytic fusion protein (cFP) composed of a humanized Fab fragment of anti-MSLN monoclonal antibody SS1 linked to a truncated and de-immunized 24 kDa fragment of the Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) (PE24), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration of anti-MSLN-PE24 cFP LMB-100, the anti-MSLN moiety targets and binds to MSLN-expressing tumor cells. Upon binding and internalization through endocytosis, the toxin moiety ADP-ribosylates and inactivates eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), preventing the elongation step of protein synthesis and leading to both an inhibition of protein synthesis and an induction of MSLN-expressing tumor cell apoptosis. MSLN, a tumor-associated antigen overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and migration. The engineered PE24 portion of LMB-100 does contain the targeting domain and furin cleavage site, which are needed for cytotoxicity, but most of the translocation domain II is deleted and the catalytic domain III contains point mutations, which result in the deletion and silencing of most T- and B-cell epitopes; therefore, the immunogenicity and toxicity is reduced compared to non-engineered PE toxin, which allows for the administration of larger doses of LMB-100. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-mesothelin iCasp9M28z CAR-transduced autologous T lymphocytes: Genetically modified, autologous T lymphocytes transduced with a retroviral vector encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for mesothelin linked to the signaling domains for the co-stimulatory molecules CD28 and CD3 zeta, as well as the suicide gene inducible caspase 9 (iCasp9 or iC9), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration, anti-mesothelin iCasp9M28z CAR-transduced autologous T lymphocytes specifically target and kill mesothelin-expressing tumor cells. iCasp9 consists of a human FK506 drug-binding domain with an F36V mutation (FKBP12-F36V) linked to human caspase 9. If administration of the T cells lead to unacceptable side effects, a dimerizing agent can be administered which binds to the FKBP12-F36V drug-binding domain and activates caspase 9, resulting in the apoptosis of the administered T-cells. Mesothelin, a tumor-associated antigen, is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-mesothelin-CAR mRNA-transduced autologous T lymphocytes: Autologous chimeric immune receptor (CIR) T cells transfected with anti-mesothelin chimeric T cell receptor mRNA, with potential antineoplastic activity. The anti-mesothelin mRNA encodes a single chain antibody variable fragment (ScFv), the intracellular CD 3 zeta T cell receptor domain and the 4-1BB (cd137) costimulatory domain. Upon intravenous administration, the anti-mesothelin-CAR mRNA-transduced autologous T lymphocytes may attach to cancer cells expressing mesothelin. This may stimulate the secretion of multiple cytokines and may result in cell lysis of mesothelin-expressing cancer cells. Mesothelin is a cell surface glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion and is overexpressed in many epithelial-derived cancers. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-Met monoclonal antibody mixture Sym015: A mixture of two humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibodies, Hu9006 and Hu9338, which recognize non-overlapping epitopes in the extracellular domain of the human hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET; HGFR; c-Met), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, anti-MET monoclonal antibody mixture Sym015 targets and binds to the extracellular domain of MET, thereby preventing the binding of its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). This may prevent activation of the receptor and MET-mediated signal transduction pathways. This inhibits MET-dependent tumor cell proliferation. MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed on the cell surfaces of various solid tumor cell types; it plays a key role in cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-Met/EGFR monoclonal antibody LY3164530: A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR or c-Met), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, anti-Met/EGFR MoAb LY3164530 targets and prevents the activation of EGFR and c-Met. This leads to a downstream inhibition of EGFR/c-Met-mediated signal transduction pathways, and prevents cellular proliferation in tumor cells overexpressing EGFR and c-Met. EGFR, a member of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands, may be overexpressed on the cell surface of various solid tumor cell types. c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed or mutated in many tumor cell types, plays a key role in cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
antimetabolite FF-10502: An antimetabolite with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, FF-10502 is able to enter the nucleus where it inhibits DNA polymerases, thereby preventing DNA synthesis and halting tumor cell proliferation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-minor histocompatibility complex donor T lymphocytes: A preparation of allogeneic, donor-derived T lymphocytes that are specific for a unique set of minor histocompatibility complex antigens (MiHA) exclusively found on the surface of malignant cells, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. T lymphocytes are derived from an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (AHCT) donor. Ex vivo, these T cells are exposed to and primed against a select set of host-specific hematopoietic tissue-restricted MiHAs that are expressed on leukemic cells. Then the cells are subsequently expanded. After AHCT and infusion of the anti-MiHA T lymphocytes, these cells target and bind to MiHA antigens expressed on the host's leukemia cells, thereby killing these cancer cells. MiHA are small, cell-surface peptides that are associated with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The selected set of MiHAs is expressed mainly, or only, by hematopoietic cells, and overexpressed on leukemic cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-MMP-9 monoclonal antibody GS-5745: A humanized monoclonal antibody against matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, anti-MMP-9 monoclonal antibody GS-5745 binds to MMP-9 and inhibits its enzymatic activity. This results in an inhibition of extracellular matrix protein degradation and, potentially, the inhibition of angiogenesis, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. MMP-9, a protein belonging to the MMP family, plays a key role in the degradation of collagens and proteoglycans; increased activity of MMP-9 has been associated with increased invasion and metastasis of cancer. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-MUC1 CAR-transduced autologous T lymphocytes: Autologous T lymphocytes transduced with a retroviral vector expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) consisting of a single chain variable fragment (scFv) against the human tumor-associated epithelial antigen mucin 1 (MUC1), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Autologous PBLs from a patient with MUC1-positive cancer are transduced with a retroviral vector that encodes the CAR gene specific for MUC1. After expansion in culture and reintroduction into the patient, anti-MUC1 CAR-transduced autologous T lymphocytes target and induce selective toxicity in MUC1-expressing tumor cells. MUC-1 is a human, hypoglycosylated tumor-associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed by epithelial cancer cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-MUC16/MMAE antibody-drug conjugate DMUC4064A: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody against human mucin 16 (MUC16; cancer antigen 125; CA125; FLJ14303) conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), an auristatin derivative and potent microtubule disrupting agent, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, anti-MUC16/MMAE ADC DMUC4064A binds to MUC16 located on the tumor cell surface. After internalization of the agent, the MMAE moiety is released and binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, which results in G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. MUC16, a member of the mucin family glycoproteins, is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cells and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation.
anti-myeloma monoclonal antibody-DM4 immunoconjugate BT-062: An immunoconjugate consisting of a monoclonal antibody directed against a highly-expressed myleoma cell surface antigen covalently attached to the maytansinoid DM4, a derivative of the cytotoxic agent maytansine (DM1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-myeloma monoclonal antibody-DM4 immunoconjugate BT-062 binds to an unspecified cell surface antigen highly expressed on myeloma cells; upon internaliization the DM4 moiety is released, binding to tubulin and disrupting microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics, which may result in the inhibition of cell division and cell growth of myeloma tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-myostatin monoclonal antibody LY2495655: A monoclonal antibody against myostatin (MSTN) with potential anti-cachexia activity. Upon administration, anti-myostatin monoclonal antibody LY2495655 binds to and neutralizes the MSTN protein, thereby blocking the MSTN signalling pathway. This may help decrease muscle protein breakdown and muscle weakness and may attenuate cancer cachexia. MSTN, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, is a negative regulator of muscle growth and development.
anti-NaPi2b monoclonal antibody XMT-1535: A proprietary humanized monoclonal antibody against human sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B (SLC34A2; NaPi2b), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of XMT-1535, the antibody targets and binds to NaPi2b expressed on tumor cells. Although the tumor cell killing effects of XMT-1535 are not established, this binding may induce an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediated immune response against NaPi2b-expressing tumor cells, and/or may inhibit NaPi2b-mediated sodium and phosphate ion cotransport activity and ion-dependent tumor cell signaling. NaPi2b, a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), is overexpressed on a variety of tumor cells. It plays a key role in the transport of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and the maintenance of phosphate homeostasis.
anti-NaPi2b/MMAE antibody-drug conjugate DNIB0600A: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody directed against the sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B (NaPi2b), and covalently linked to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), an auristatin derivative and a potent microtubule disrupting agent, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, the monoclonal antibody moiety of DNIB0600A binds to NaPi2b-expressing tumor cells and is internalized, thereby delivering MMAE intracellularly. Proteolytic cleavage releases MMAE, which then binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, resulting in G2/M phase arrest and tumor cell apoptosis. NaPi2b, a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, plays a key role in transport of inorganic phosphate and the maintenance of phosphate homeostasis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-Nectin-4 monoclonal antibody-drug conjugate AGS-22M6E: An antibody drug conjugate (ADC) containing a fully human monoclonal antibody AGS-22 targeting the cell adhesion molecule nectin-4 and conjugated, via a proprietary enzyme-cleavable linker, to the cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) (AGS-22M6E), with potential antineoplastic activity. The monoclonal antibody moiety of AGS-22M6E selectively binds to nectin-4. After internalization and proteolytic cleavage, MMAE binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, which results in G2/M phase arrest and induces apoptosis in nectin-4 overexpressing tumor cells. Nectin-4, a tumor associated antigen belonging to the nectin family, is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including breast, bladder, lung and pancreatic cancer. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
antineoplastic agent combination SM-88: An orally bioavailable, proprietary combination of four agents with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the four agents and their exact mechanisms of action are not publicly known, the components of SM-88 appear, upon oral administration, to work synergistically to increase the amount of free radicals in cancer cells, thereby inducing oxidative stress and selective killing of the cancer cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
antineoplastic agent TRX-818: An orally bioavailable agent with potential antineoplastic and anti-vasculogenic mimicry (VM) activities. Although the exact multiple mechanisms of action through which this agent exerts its effects have yet to be fully elucidated, TRX-818, upon oral administration appears to induce cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. This agent also prevents tumor cell VM by blocking the formation of vasculogenic-like tubular structures through an as of yet undetermined mechanism of action. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
antineoplaston A10: A piperidinedione antineoplaston with potential antineoplastic activity. Antineoplaston A10 was originally isolated from human urine but is now synthetically derived. This agent intercalates into DNA, resulting in cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, reduction of mitosis, and decreased protein synthesis. Antineoplaston A10 may also inhibit ras-oncogene expression and activate tumor suppressor gene p53, leading to cell differentiation and apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
antineoplaston AS2-1: A 4:1 mixture of phenylacetate and phenylacetylgluatmine, degradation products of the antineoplaston agent A10. Antineoplaston AS2-1 inhibits the incorporation of L-glutamine into tumor-cell proteins, leading to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and inhibition of mitosis. This agent may also inhibit RAS oncogene expression and activate tumor suppressor gene p53, resulting in cell differentiation and apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-neuropilin-1 monoclonal antibody MNRP1685A: A human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against neuropilin-1 (NRP1), with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration, MNRP1685A specifically targets and binds to NRP1; the antibody-NRP1 complex prevents the subsequent coupling of NRP1 to VEGFR2, thereby potentially inhibiting VEGF-mediated signaling and potentially preventing angiogenesis. In combination with other anti-VEGF therapies, MNRP1685A may enhance their anti-angiogenic effect. NRP1 is a membrane-bound co-receptor normally expressed by endothelial cells and overexpressed by certain tumor cells, and plays a role in angiogenesis, cell survival, migration, and invasion. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-nf-P2X7 antibody ointment BIL-010t: An ointment formulation composed of a purified sheep immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against the non-functional form of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (nf-P2X7), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon topical application of the anti-nf-P2X7 antibody ointment BIL-010t, the antibody binds to nf-P2X7 and inhibits its antiapoptotic activity. This may induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of nf-P2X7-overexpressing cancer cells. P2X7, an ATP-gated cation-selective channel, plays a role in the induction of apoptosis; nf-P2X7, is upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types while not expressed on normal, healthy cells and is unable to form a large transmembrane, apoptotic pore upon exposure to ATP and prevents apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-nucleolin aptamer AS1411: A 26-base guanine-rich oligodeoxynucleotide aptamer with potential apoptotic induction activity. Upon administration, anti-nucleolin aptamer AS1411 targets and binds to nucleolin, a nucleolar phosphoprotein which is overexpressed on the surface of certain cancer cells. Via binding to cell surface nucleolin, AS1411 is internalized and may prevent nucleolin from binding to and stabilizing mRNA of the anti-apoptotic BCL2, thereby destabilizing BCL2 mRNA, leading to a reduction in BCL2 protein synthesis. This may lead to the induction of apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-NY-ESO-1 TCR LV-transduced autologous T cells TAEST16001: A preparation of human autologous T lymphocytes that are transduced with a lentiviral vector (LV) encoding an affinity-enhanced T-cell receptor (TCR) specific for the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon isolation, transduction, expansion ex vivo, and reintroduction into the patient, the anti-NY-ESO-1 TCR LV-transduced autologous T cells TAEST16001 recognize and bind to NY-ESO-1-overexpressing tumor cells. This may result in a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated killing of NY-ESO-1-positive tumor cells. NY-ESO-1, a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), is found in normal testis and on the surface of various tumor cell types, and is not, or is minimally, expressed in normal, healthy cells.
anti-NY-ESO1 TCR-transduced autologous CD62L+-derived T lymphocytes: Human autologous CD62L-positive T lymphocytes transduced with a retroviral vector encoding a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1, with potential antineoplastic activity. Following leukapheresis, isolation of lymphocytes, expansion ex vivo, transduction, and reintroduction into the patient, the anti-NY-ESO1 TCR-transduced autologous CD62L+-derived T lymphocytes bind to NY-ESO-1-overexpressing tumor cells. This may result in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated elimination of NY-ESO-1-positive cancer cells. NY-ESO-1, a tumor associated antigen (TAA), is found in normal testis and on the surface of various tumor cell types. CD62L, also called L-selectin, is a lymphoid homing receptor and differentiation marker and is expressed on a subset of CD8-positive T-lymphocytes; it is involved in the migration of T-lymphocytes to lymph nodes and may improve the efficacy for ex vivo-expanded T-cells following adoptive cell therapy. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-OX40 antibody BMS 986178: An agonistic monoclonal antibody against the co-stimulatory receptor OX40 (CD134; TNFRSF4), with potential immunostimulatory activity. Upon administration, anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody BMS 986178 selectively binds to and activates the OX40 receptor, by mimicking the action of the endogenous OX40 ligand (OX40L). OX40 receptor activation induces proliferation of memory and effector T-lymphocytes. In the presence of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), this may promote an immune response against the TAA-expressing tumor cells. OX40, a cell surface glycoprotein and member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family (TNFRSF), is expressed on T-lymphocytes and provides a co-stimulatory signal for the proliferation and survival of activated T-cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-OX40 antibody PF-04518600: An agonistic antibody that recognizes the co-stimulatory receptor OX40 (CD134;TNFRSF4), with potential immunostimulatory activity. Upon administration, anti-OX40 antibody PF-04518600 selectively binds to and activates OX40; which induces proliferation of memory and effector T-lymphocytes. In the presence of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), this may promote a T-cell-mediated immune response against TAA-expressing tumor cells. OX40, a cell surface glycoprotein and member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), is expressed on T-lymphocytes and plays an essential role in T-cell activation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody: An agonistic monoclonal antibody against receptor OX40 (CD134), with potential immunostimulatory activity. Mimicking the natural OX4 ligand (OX40L), anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody selectively binds to and activates the OX40 receptor. Receptor activation induces proliferation of memory and effector T lymphocytes. In the presence of tumor associated antigens (TAAs), this may promote an immune response against the TAA-expressing tumor cells. OX40, a cell surface glycoprotein and member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, is expressed by CD4 T cells and provides a costimulatory signal for T cell activation.
anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody MEDI0562: An agonistic, humanized monoclonal antibody against receptor OX40 (CD134), with potential immunostimulatory activity. Upon administration, anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody MEDI0562 selectively binds to and activates the OX40 receptor. OX40 receptor activation induces proliferation of memory and effector T-lymphocytes. In the presence of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), this agent may promote an immune response against TAAs-expressing tumor cells. OX40, a cell surface glycoprotein and member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, is expressed on T-lymphocytes and provides a co-stimulatory signal for the proliferation and survival of activated T-cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody MOXR0916: An agonistic humanized monoclonal antibody against the receptor, OX40 (CD134), with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration, anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody MOXR0916 selectively binds to and activates OX40, by mimicking the action of endogenous OX40 ligand (OX40L). OX40 activation induces proliferation of effector T lymphocytes and inhibits the activity of regulatory T cells. In the presence of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), this may promote an immune response against the TAA-expressing tumor cells. OX40, a cell surface glycoprotein and member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is expressed on T lymphocytes and provides a co-stimulatory signal for the proliferation and survival of activated T cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-p53 T-cell receptor-transduced peripheral blood lymphocytes: Human autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) transduced with an anti-p53 T cell receptor gene with potential antineoplastic activity. PBLs are harvested from a patient and pulsed with a retroviral vector that encodes the T-cell receptor gene specific for a mutated form of p53. The transduced PBLs are then expanded in culture. When reintroduced to the patient, these modified PBLs express the anti-p53 T cell receptor which binds to mutant p53-overexpressing tumor cells; PBL-mediated tumor growth inhibition may follow. Many tumor cell types overexpress mutant p53 proteins, which are associated with the loss of apoptosis regulation and abnormal cell proliferation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor PF-06801591: An inhibitor of the human inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; PDCD1), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor PF-06801591 targets and binds to PD-1 and blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2). This prevents the activation of PD-1 and its downstream signaling pathways. This may restore immune function through the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) against tumor cells. PD-1, an inhibitory receptor belonging to the B7-receptor family, is expressed on activated T-lymphocytes, B-cells and NK cells; it functions as an immune checkpoint that negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function when activated by its ligands, and plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-1 fusion protein AMP-224: A recombinant B7-DC Fc-fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the PD-1 ligand programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2, B7-DC) and the Fc region of human immunoglobulin (Ig) G1, with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Anti-PD-1 fusion protein AMP-224 specifically binds to PD-1 on chronically stimulated T-cells and reduces their proliferation. This may restore immune function and may result in the activation of cytotoxic T-cells and cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. PD-1, a transmembrane protein of Ig superfamily and inhibitor receptor expressed on activated T-cells, negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function when activated by its ligands, and plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. AMP-224 does not bind normal activated T-cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody ABBV-181: A monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1, PCD-1; PDCD1), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody ABBV-181 targets and binds to PD-1, thereby blocking its binding to the PD-1 ligand, programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and preventing the activation of PD-1/PD-L1 downstream signaling pathways. This may restore immune function through the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). PD-1, a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on activated T cells, negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function when activated by its ligand; it plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody AGEN2034: A monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1, PCD-1; PDCD1) protein, with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody AGEN2034 binds to PD-1, and thereby blocks its binding to the PD-1 ligand programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and prevents the activation of its downstream signaling pathways. This may restore immune function through the activation of cytotoxic T cells. PD-1, a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on activated T cells, negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function when activated by its ligand; it plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody BCD-100: A monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; PDCD1; CD279), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody BCD-100 binds to and inhibits PD-1 and its downstream signaling pathways. This may restore immune function through the activation of T cells and cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. PD-1, a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) expressed on T cells, functions as an immune checkpoint that negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function when activated by its ligands programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) or 2 (PD-L2); it plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity.
anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody BGB-A317: A monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody BGB-A317 binds to PD-1 and inhibits the binding of PD-1 to the PD-1 ligands programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and PD-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2). This prevents the activation of PD-1 and its downstream signaling pathways. This may restore immune function through the activation of both T-cells and T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. PD-1, a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily expressed on activated T-cells, negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function when activated by its ligands; it plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody BI 754091: A monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; PDCD1), with immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, BI 754091 selectively binds to and blocks the activation of PD-1, an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily transmembrane protein, by its ligands programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is overexpressed on certain cancer cells, and programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2), which is primarily expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This results in the activation of T cells and T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. Activated PD-1 negatively regulates T-cell activation and plays a key role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody JS001: A humanized immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 (programmed death-1; PD-1), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody JS001 binds to PD-1 and inhibits the binding of PD-1 to its ligands, programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2). This prevents the activation of PD-1 and its downstream signaling pathways. This may restore immune function through the activation of both T cells and T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. PD-1, a transmembrane protein in the Ig superfamily that is expressed on activated T-cells, negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function when activated by its ligands; it plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody MEDI0680: A humanized immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody MEDI0680 binds to and inhibits PD-1 and its downstream signaling pathways. This may restore immune function through the activation of T-cells and cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. PD-1, a transmembrane protein in the Ig superfamily expressed on T cells, functions as an immune checkpoint that negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function when activated by its ligands programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or 2 (PD-L2); it plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody MGA012: A proprietary humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody MGA012 binds to and inhibits PD-1 and its downstream signaling pathways. This may restore immune function through the activation of T cells and cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. PD-1, a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) expressed on T cells, functions as an immune checkpoint that negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function when activated by its ligands, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or 2 (PD-L2); it plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody Sym021: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1 , PCD-1; PDCD1), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody Sym021 binds to and inhibits PD-1 activation and its downstream signaling pathways. This may restore immune function through the activation of T cells and cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. PD-1, a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), is expressed on T cells and functions as an immune checkpoint that negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function when activated by its ligands programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or 2 (PD-L2). Activated PD-1 plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody TSR-042: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; programmed death-1), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody TSR-042 binds to and inhibits PD-1 and its downstream signaling pathways. This may restore immune function through the activation of T cells. PD-1, a transmembrane protein in the Ig superfamily expressed on T cells, functions as an immune checkpoint protein that negatively regulates T-cell activation and T-cell-mediated immune responses when activated by its ligands programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) or 2 (PD-L2); it plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-1/anti-LAG-3 DART protein MGD013: An Fc-bearing, humanized antibody-like protein that specifically recognizes the immune checkpoint molecules programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; PD1; PDCD1; CD279; Programmed Death 1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3; LAG3; CD223), with potential T-lymphocyte immunomodulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the anti-PD-1/anti-LAG-3 dual-affinity re-targeting (DART) protein MGD013 specifically binds to both PD-1 and LAG-3, which are both expressed on T cells. The dual blockade of the PD-1 and LAG-3 pathways enables potent activation of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells. PD-1 and LAG-3 play key roles in suppressing T-cell activation.
anti-PD1/CTLA4 bispecific antibody XmAb20717: A Fc-engineered bispecific antibody directed against the human negative immunoregulatory checkpoint receptors programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; PDCD1; CD279) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4; CTLA-4), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD1/CTLA4 bispecific antibody XmAb20717 targets and binds to both PD-1 and CTLA4 expressed on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) and inhibits the PD-1- and CTLA4-mediated downregulation of T-cell activation and proliferation. This restores immune function and activates a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against tumor cells. Both PD-1 and CTLA4 are selectively expressed on TILs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and negatively regulate the activation and effector functions of T cells. They play key roles in the downregulation of the immune system and tumor evasion from host immunity. Dual checkpoint blockade of PD1 and CTLA4 with XmAb20717 may enhance T-cell activation and proliferation more than the blockade of either immune checkpoint receptor alone. The engineered Fc domain increases the stability and half-life of the antibody.
anti-PDCD1 monoclonal antibody IBI308: A recombinant human monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; PDCD1; PD1), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody IBI308 binds to PD-1 and inhibits the binding of PD-1 to the PD-1 ligands programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and PD-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2). This prevents the activation of PD-1 and its downstream signaling pathways. This may restore immune function through the activation of both T cells and T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. PD-1, a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily expressed on activated T cells, negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function when activated by its ligands; it plays an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PDCD1 monoclonal antibody JNJ-63723283: A monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1, PCDC-1), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody JNJ-63723283 binds to PD-1, and inhibits the interaction with its ligands, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1, PD-1L1) and PD-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2, PD-1L2). The inhibition of ligand binding prevents PD-1-mediated signaling and results in both T-cell activation and the induction of T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. PD-1, an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily transmembrane protein and inhibitory receptor, negatively regulates T-cell activation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PDGFR alpha monoclonal antibody MEDI-575: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) alpha with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-PDGFR alpha monoclonal antibody MEDI-575 inhibits activation of the cell-surface tyrosine kinase PDGFR alpha subunit and subsequent triggering of mitogenic signaling pathways, including the JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, and MAP kinase pathways. PDGFR alpha acts as a mitogenic signaling receptor for cells of mesenchymal origin and inhibition of receptor activity may inhibit tumor cell proliferation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody FAZ053: A monoclonal antibody directed against programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), with immune checkpoint inhibitory and potential antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody FAZ053 binds to PD-L1, blocking its binding to and activation of its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1), which may enhance the T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response and reverse T-cell inactivation. PD-L1 is overexpressed by many human cancer cell types. PD-L1 binding to PD-1 on T cells suppresses the immune system and results in immune evasion. PD-1, a transmembrane protein expressed on activated T cells, is a negative regulator of the immune system that limits the expansion and survival of CD8+ T cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody KN035: An injectable formulation of a monoclonal antibody directed against programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1; cluster of differentiation 274; CD274), with immune checkpoint inhibitory and potential antineoplastic activities. Upon subcutaneous administration, anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody KN035 binds to PD-L1, blocking its binding to and activation of its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1), which may enhance the T-cell-mediated immune response to neoplasms and reverse T-cell inactivation. PD-L1 is overexpressed by many human cancer cell types. PD-L1 binding to PD-1 on T-cells suppresses the immune system and results in immune evasion. PD-1, a transmembrane protein expressed on activated T-cells, is a negative regulator of the immune system that limits the expansion and survival of CD8+ T cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody MDX-1105: A fully human monoclonal antibody directed against programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) with immune checkpoint inhibitory and potential antineoplastic activities. Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody MDX-1105 binds to PD-L1, blocking its binding to and activation of its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1), which may enhance the T-cell-mediated immune response to neoplasms and reverse T-cell inactivation. PD-L1 is overexpressed by many human cancer cell types. PD-L1 binding to PD-1 on T-cells suppresses the immune system and results in immune evasion. PD-1, a transmembrane protein expressed on activated T-cells, is a negative regulator of the immune system that limits the expansion and survival of CD8+ T cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody SHR-1316: An immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4), humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the immunosuppressive ligand programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1; cluster of differentiation 274; CD274), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody SHR-1316 specifically targets and binds to PD-L1, blocking its binding to and activation of its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1). This reverses T-cell inactivation caused by PD-1/PD-L1 signaling and enhances the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated anti-tumor immune response against PD-L1-expressing tumor cells. PD-L1 is overexpressed by many human cancer cell types. PD-L1 binding to PD-1 on T cells suppresses the immune system and results in immune evasion. PD-1, a transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on activated T cells, is a negative regulator of the immune system that limits the expansion and survival of CD8-positive T cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
antiperspirant cream F511: A cream formulation containing aluminum chlorohydrate with astringent and antiperspirant activities. Upon topical application of F511 cream, aluminium chlorohydrate forms a gel matrix in the sweat gland which subsequently reduces, then stops the flow of water. In addition, this agent exerts an astringent effect, thereby further preventing sweat formation. Hyperhidrosis appears to play a role in the development of certain mucocutaneous reactions, such as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE), upon administration of chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and capecitabine. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PGF monoclonal antibody RO5323441: A humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the placenta growth factor (PGF), with potential anti-angiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Anti-PGF monoclonal antibody RO5323441 binds to both PGF-1 and -2, thereby inhibiting the binding of PGF-1 and -2 to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and subsequent VEGFR-1 phosphorylation. This may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. PGF, a member of the VEGF sub-family and a key molecule in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, is upregulated in many cancers. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PKN3 siRNA Atu027: A lipoplexed formulation consisting of short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against protein kinase N3 (PKN3) encapsulated in catiogenic and fusiogenic lipids with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, catiogenic and fusiogenic lipids promote anti-PKN3 siRNA Atu02 uptake by tumor cells; the siRNAs moieties are subsequently released once inside the cell. The siRNAs bind to PKN3 mRNAs, which may result in the inhibition of translation and expression of the PKN3 protein and, so, growth inhibition of tumor cells that overexpress PKN3. The protein kinase C-related molecule PKN3, downstream in the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, is upregulated in many tumor cells and plays an important role in invasive cell growth and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PLGF monoclonal antibody TB-403: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against placental growth factor (PLGF) with potential anti-angiogenic and antineoplastic acivities. Anti-PLGF monoclonal antibody TB-403 binds to PLGF, inhibiting the binding of PLGF to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, which may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. PLGF is a protein that belongs to the family of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PR1/HLA-A2 monoclonal antibody Hu8F4: A T-cell receptor (TCR)-like monoclonal antibody against PR1, a 9 amino-acid (VLQELNVTV) human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-restricted leukemia-associated antigen (LAA) derived from the myeloid leukemia-associated antigens proteinase 3 (P3) and neutrophil elastase (NE), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-PR1/HLA-A2 monoclonal antibody Hu8F4 selectively binds to a combined epitope of the PR1/HLA-A2 complex expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts and leukemic stem cells (LSC), and prevents PR1/HLA-A2-mediated signaling. This induces complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), to a lesser extent, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and CDC/ADCC-independent cytolysis of myeloid leukemia cells. This results in a reduction of cellular proliferation in PR1/HLA-A2-overexpressing leukemic cells. PR1 in combination with the HLA-A2 molecule is highly expressed on AML blasts and LSCs. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody expressing pluripotent killer T lymphocytes: A specific population of pluripotent killer (PIK) T cells that have been induced to express high levels of antibodies against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; PDCD1; CD279), with potential antitumor activity. Although the exact mechanism(s) of action through which PIK-PD-1 cells exert their effects has yet to be elucidated, upon infusion, these cells secrete antibodies that target PD-1 expressed on the surface of activated T cells and tumor cells. This may block the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1, PD-1L1; CD274) and PD-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2, PD-1L2; CD273). The inhibition of ligand binding prevents PD-1-mediated signaling and results in both T-cell activation and the induction of T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells. PD-1, an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily transmembrane protein and inhibitory receptor, negatively regulates T-cell activation; PD-L1 is overexpressed on certain cancer cells, and PD-L2 is primarily expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs). Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-prolactin receptor antibody LFA102: A neutralizing antibody against the prolactin receptor (PRLR) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, anti-prolactin receptor antibody LFA102 binds to PRLR and prevents the binding of the peptide hormone prolactin (PRL) to its receptor. This binding induces an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and may eventually prevent tumor cell proliferation in PRLR-positive cancer cells. PRLR/PRL signaling pathway is frequently overexpressed in breast and prostate cancer.
anti-PSCA fully human monoclonal antibody AGS-1C4D4: An IgG1k fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the human prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-PSCA fully human monoclonal antibody AGS-1C4D4 selectively targets and binds to PSCA, triggering complement-dependent cell lysis and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in tumor cells expressing PSCA. PSCA is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface antigen found in cancers of the bladder, pancreas, and prostate. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody MDX1201-A488: A recombinant, human monoclonal antibody targeting an extracellular epitope of human prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) that is conjugated with a fluorescent dye A488, with potential imaging activity. Upon intravenous administration, the MDX1201 moiety of anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody MDX1201-A488 targets PSMA expressed on cancer cells. Subsequently, the A488 moiety can then be visualized by fluorescence-based imaging and the amount of PSMA-expressing tumor cells can be assessed. A488 is a photostable fluorescent dye with a high quantum yield. PSMA, a tumor-associated antigen and type II transmembrane protein, is expressed on the membrane of prostatic epithelial cells and overexpressed on prostate tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody-MMAE conjugate: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) containing a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), conjugated via a stable, enzyme-cleavable linker to monomethylauristatin E (MMAE), an auristatin derivative and a potent microtubule inhibitor, with potential antineoplastic activity. The monoclonal antibody moiety of this conjugate selectively binds to PSMA, a protein which is abundantly expressed on the surface of metastatic and hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells. Upon internalization and proteolytic cleavage, MMAE binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, resulting in G2/M phase arrest and tumor cell apoptosis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PSMA/CD3 BiTE monoclonal antibody MT112: A recombinant T-cell engaging bispecific monoclonal antibody (BiTE) directed against human prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and the CD3 epsilon subunit of the T cell receptor complex, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Anti-PSMA/CD3 BiTE monoclonal antibody MT112 possesses two antigen-recognition sites, one for PSMA, and one for the CD3 complex, a group of T cell surface glycoproteins that complex with the T cell receptor (TCR). This bispecific monoclonal antibody brings PSMA-expressing tumor cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) together, which may result in the CTL-mediated cell death of PSMA-expressing cells. PSMA, a tumor associated antigen, is overexpressed on the surface of metastatic and hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PSMA/CD3 monoclonal antibody MOR209/ES414: An anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)/anti-CD3 bispecific humanized monoclonal antibody, with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Anti-PSMA/CD3 monoclonal antibody MOR209/ES414 possesses two antigen-recognition sites, one for the CD3 complex, a group of T-cell surface glycoproteins that complex with the T-cell receptor (TCR), and one for PSMA, a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed on the surface of prostate tumor cells. Upon intravenous administration of MOR209/ES414, this bispecific antibody simultaneously binds to both CD3-expressing T-cells and PSMA-expressing cancer cells, thereby crosslinking PSMA-expressing tumor cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). This results in CTL-mediated cancer cell lysis of prostate cancer cells expressing PSMA. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-PSMA/PBD ADC MEDI3726: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of an engineered version of anti-human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) monoclonal antibody J591 conjugated, via a valine-alanine dipeptide linker, to tesirine, a cytotoxic, DNA minor groove crosslinking agent and pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration of anti-PSMA/PBD ADC MEDI3726, the antibody moiety targets the cell surface antigen PSMA, which is found on prostate cancer cells. Upon antibody/antigen binding, internalization and lysosome-mediated cleavage of the dipeptide linker, the cytotoxic PBD moiety is released. In turn, the imine groups of the PBD moiety bind to the N2 positions of guanines on opposite strands of DNA. This induces DNA strand breaks, inhibits DNA replication, leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest, induces cell death, and inhibits the proliferation of PSMA-overexpressing tumor cells. PSMA is overexpressed by prostate cancers; its expression is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-RSPO3 monoclonal antibody OMP-131R10: An immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 humanized monoclonal antibody targeting human R-spondin 3 (RSPO3), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration, the anti-RSPO3 monoclonal antibody OMP-131R10 targets and binds to RSPO3 expressed on tumor cells. This prevents the activation of RSPO3, and inhibits both the binding of RSPO3 to leucine-rich repeat-containing G-coupled receptors (LGRs) and the activation of the RSPO-LGR pathway. This may result in an inhibition of both cancer stem cell (CSC) survival and the proliferation of cancer cells in which this pathway is overactivated. The RSPO-LGR pathway is a CSC pathway activated in a variety of cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-sCLU monoclonal antibody AB-16B5: A humanized, immunoglobulin (Ig) G2 monoclonal antibody against the secreted form of human clusterin (sCLU) expressed by tumor cells, with potential antineoplastic and anti-metastatic activities. Upon administration, anti-sCLU monoclonal antibody AB-16B5 specifically binds to tumor-associated sCLU and inhibits its activity. This inhibits both the sCLU-mediated signal transduction pathways and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which leads to the inhibition of tumor cell migration and invasion. In addition, AB-16B5 enhances chemo-sensitivity. sCLU, a heterodimeric disulfide-linked glycoprotein overexpressed by various types of cancer cells, contributes to proliferation and survival of cancer cells, and stimulates tumor cell EMT. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-SEMA4D monoclonal antibody VX15/2503: A humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against the semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D; CD100) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-SEMA4D monoclonal antibody VX15/2503 binds to and neutralizes SEMA4D, thereby preventing binding of SEMA4D to its receptor plexin-B1 (PLXNB1). By blocking the interaction of SEMA4D and PLXNB1, VX15/2503 may cause an inhibition of endothelial cell activation and migration, eventually leading to an inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. Semaphorin 4D, a large cell surface antigen found on the resting T-cell and overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types, plays an important role in vascular growth, tumor progression, invasion and immune cell regulation.
anti-SLITRK6 monoclonal antibody-MMAE conjugate AGS15E: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a monoclonal antibody directed against SLIT and NTRK-like protein 6 (SLITRK6), covalently linked to the cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), an auristatin derivative and a potent inhibitor of microtubule polymerization, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon intravenous administration, the monoclonal antibody moiety of AGS15E binds to SLITRK6 expressed on tumor cells, which facilitates both AGS15E internalization and the intracellular delivery of MMAE. Upon cleavage, MMAE binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, which results in G2/M phase arrest and tumor cell apoptosis. SLITRK6, a member of the Slitrk family of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) neuronal transmembrane proteins, is minimally expressed in normal tissue but overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including bladder cancer, some forms of lung cancer, breast cancer and glioblastoma. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-SSTR2/CD3 monoclonal antibody XmAb18087: A humanized, Fc domain-containing, bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting human CD3, a T-cell surface antigen, and somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) expressed on certain cancer cells, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, anti-SSTR2/CD3 monoclonal antibody XmAb18087 binds to both T cells and SSTR2-expressing cancer cells. The resulting cross-linkage may trigger a potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against the SSTR2-expressing cancer cells. The inclusion of an Fc domain on the antibody prolongs the half-life of the bispecific antibody.
anti-TAG-72 monoclonal antibody CC49-streptavidin conjugate: An immunoconjugate containing CC49, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), conjugated to streptavidin, a nonglycosylated homotetrameric protein that has four high affinity binding sites for biotin, with potential use in pre-targeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT). Upon administration of anti-TAG-72 MAb CC49-streptavidin conjugate, the MAb moiety targets and binds to TAG-72 expressed on cancer cells. Upon subsequent administration of a biotin-based radioconjugate, such as yttrium Y 90 DOTA-biotin, the biotin moiety of the radioconjugate binds to the streptavidin moiety of MAb CC49-streptavidin conjugate, which localizes the biotin-conjugated radionuclide to the tumor site. Upon cellular internalization, a cytotoxic does of radiation may be specifically delivered to TAG-72-expressing tumor cells. TAG-72, a human pancarcinoma antigen, is overexpressed on a variety of cancer cell types. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-TA-MUC1 monoclonal antibody PankoMab: A humanized monoclonal antibody recognizing the tumor-specific epitope of mucin-1 (TA-MUC1), with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-TA-MUC1 monoclonal antibody PankoMab targets and binds to the TA-MUC1 epitopes expressed on the cell surface of tumor cells, thereby potentially activating the immune system to induce an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against the TA-MUC1-expressing tumor cells. TA-MUC1 is designated to MUC1 epitopes with O-glycosylated carbohydrate-induced conformational structures that are tumor-specific, thereby enabling PankoMab to differentiate between tumor MUC1 and non-tumor MUC1 epitopes. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-TF monoclonal antibody ALT-836: A recombinant human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody against human tissue factor (TF), with potential antiangiogenic, anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, anti-TF monoclonal antibody ALT-836 binds to TF or the TF-Factor VIIa (FVIIa) complex preventing binding and activation of Factor X (FX) and Factor IX (FIX). This may prevent thrombin formation and cancer-associated venous thromboembolism, and may inhibit angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. TF, a transmembrane protein and procoagulant, is overexpressed in many tumor cell types, and is correlated with metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor growth and tumor-associated thrombosis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-TF monoclonal antibody-MMAE conjugate: An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprised of a monoclonal antibody against human tissue factor (TF) covalently coupled, via a protease-cleavable peptide linker, to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), an auristatin derivative and potent microtubule disrupting agent, with potential antiangiogenic, anticoagulant and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-TF monoclonal antibody-MMAE conjugate binds to cell surface TF and is internalized. The antibody moiety prevents binding of TF to factor VIIa (FVIIa) and interferes with the activation of factor X (FX) into FXa. This may prevent thrombin formation and cancer-associated venous thromboembolism, and may inhibit angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. After internalization of the agent, the MMAE moiety is released by proteolytic cleavage. It then binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization, which results in G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. TF, a transmembrane protein and initiator of the coagulation cascade, is overexpressed in many tumor cells and tumor-resident endothelial cells. Expression of TF is correlated with metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor cell growth and tumor-associated thrombosis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-TGF-beta monoclonal antibody NIS793: A monoclonal antibody directed against human transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-TGF-beta monoclonal antibody NIS793 specifically targets and binds to TGF-beta, thereby preventing the activation of TGF-beta-mediated signaling pathways. TGF-beta, a pro-inflammatory mediator that is mutated and/or overexpressed in a number of cancer cell types, is involved in cancer cell proliferation and migration, and tumor progression. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-TGF-beta monoclonal antibody SAR-439459: A monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against human transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta; TGFb), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, anti-TGF-beta monoclonal antibody SAR-439459 specifically targets and binds to TGF-beta, thereby preventing the activation of TGF-beta-mediated signaling pathways. This may inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells in which TGF-beta is overactivated. TGF-beta, a pro-inflammatory mediator that is mutated and/or overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, is involved in cancer cell proliferation and migration, and in tumor progression.
anti-TGF-beta RII monoclonal antibody IMC-TR1: A monoclonal antibody directed against transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II (TGF-beta RII) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-TGF-beta RII monoclonal antibody IMC-TR1 specifically targets and binds to TGF-beta R11, thereby preventing the activation of TGF-beta RII-mediated signaling pathways. TGF-beta RII is mutated in a number of cancer cell types and is involved in cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-thymocyte globulin: A purified gamma immunoglobulin (IgG) with immunosuppressive activity. Obtained from rabbits that have been immunized with human thymocytes, antithymocyte globulin specifically recognizes and destroys T lymphocytes. Although the exact mechanism of action is not completely understood, it appears to involve T lymphocyte clearance from the circulation and modulation of T lymphocyte activity. Administering antithymocyte globulin with chemotherapy prior to stem cell transplantation may reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-thyroglobulin mTCR-transduced autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes: Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) transduced with a gene encoding for a thyroglobulin (TG)-specific murine T-cell receptor (mTCR), with potential antineoplastic activity. PBLs are harvested from a thyroid cancer patient, and transfected with a retroviral vector that encodes the mTCR gene specific for the human TG antigen. The transduced PBLs are then expanded in culture. When reintroduced to the patient, these anti-TG mTCR-expressing PBLs target and bind to TG-overexpressing tumor cells, which results in both cytokine secretion and tumor cell lysis. TG is a thyroid-specific protein. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody BMS-986207: A human monoclonal antibody targeting the co-inhibitory molecule and immune checkpoint inhibitor T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains (TIGIT), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory activity. Upon administration, anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody BMS-986207 binds to TIGIT expressed on various immune cells, particularly on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs), thereby preventing the interaction of TIGIT with its ligands CD112 (nectin-2; poliovirus receptor related-2; PVRL2) and CD155 (poliovirus receptor; PVR; nectin-like protein 5; NECL-5). This enhances the interaction of CD112 and CD155 with the costimulatory receptor CD226 (DNAX Accessory molecule-1; DNAM-1), which is expressed on immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, and leads to CD226 dimerization and CD226-mediated signaling. This activates the immune system to exert a T-cell-mediated immune response against cancer cells. TIGIT, a member of the Ig super family and an immune inhibitory receptor, plays a key role in the suppression of T-cell proliferation and activation; it is involved in tumor cell immune evasion, and the inhibition of antiviral immune responses. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody OMP-313M32: A monoclonal antibody targeting the human co-inhibitory molecule and immune checkpoint inhibitor T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains (TIGIT), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory activity. Upon administration, anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody OMP-313M32 binds to TIGIT expressed on various immune cells, including T cells, and prevents the interaction of TIGIT with its ligands CD112 (nectin-2; poliovirus receptor related-2; PVRL2) and CD155 (poliovirus receptor; PVR; nectin-like protein 5; NECL-5). This enhances the interaction of CD112 and CD155 with the costimulatory receptor CD226 (DNAX Accessory molecule-1; DNAM-1), which is expressed on immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and CD8-positive T cells, and leads to CD226 dimerization and CD226-mediated signaling. This activates the immune system to exert a T-cell-mediated immune response against cancer cells. TIGIT, a member of the Ig super family and an immune inhibitory receptor, plays a key role in the suppression of T-cell proliferation and activation; it is involved in tumor cell immune evasion and the inhibition of antiviral immune responses. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-TIM3 monoclonal antibody LY3321367: A monoclonal antibody against the inhibitory T-cell receptor T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3; TIM3; hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2; HAVCR2), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody LY3321367 binds to TIM-3 expressed on certain T cells, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). This abrogates T-cell inhibition, activates antigen-specific T lymphocytes and enhances cytotoxic T-cell-mediated tumor cell lysis, which results in a reduction in tumor growth. TIM-3, a transmembrane protein and immune checkpoint receptor, is associated with tumor-mediated immune suppression. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody Sym023: A recombinant, fully human monoclonal antibody against the inhibitory T-cell receptor T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3; TIM3; hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2; HAVCR2), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody Sym023 binds to TIM-3 expressed on certain T cells, including tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). This abrogates T-cell inhibition, activates antigen-specific T lymphocytes and enhances cytotoxic T-cell-mediated tumor cell lysis, which results in a reduction in tumor cell proliferation. TIM-3, a transmembrane protein and immune checkpoint receptor, is associated with tumor-mediated immune suppression.
anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody TSR-022: A monoclonal antibody against the inhibitory T-cell receptor, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3; TIM3; hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2; HAVCR2), with potential immune checkpoint inhibitory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, the anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody TSR-022 binds to TIM-3 expressed on certain T cells, including tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). This abrogates T-cell inhibition, activates antigen-specific T lymphocytes and enhances cytotoxic T-cell-mediated tumor cell lysis, which results in a reduction in tumor growth. TIM-3, a transmembrane protein and immune checkpoint receptor, is associated with tumor-mediated immune suppression. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-tissue factor monoclonal antibody MORAb-066: A humanized monoclonal antibody against human tissue factor (TF), with potential antiangiogenic, anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, anti-TF monoclonal antibody MORAb-066 binds to TF and prevents Factor VIIa (FVIIa) from binding, thereby interfering with the activation of Factor X (FX) into FXa. This may prevent thrombin formation and cancer-associated venous thromboembolism, and may inhibit angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. TF, a transmembrane protein and initiator of the coagulation cascade, is overexpressed in many tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells; its expression is correlated with metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor cell growth and tumor-associated thrombosis. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-TLR2 monoclonal antibody OPN-305: A humanized immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 monoclonal antibody directed against toll-like receptor type 2 (TLR2), with potential anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration, OPN-305 binds to the ligand-binding site on the TLR2 receptor and blocks the activation of TLR2-mediated innate immunity signaling. This prevents the TLR2-mediated production of pro-inflammatory mediators and prevents inflammation. TLR2, a member of the TLR family primarily found on leukocytes, plays a key role in the activation of innate immunity; it is overexpressed in various inflammatory diseases and in certain types of cancer. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-transthyretin siRNA ALN-TTR02: A lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based formulation consisting of small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against transthyretin (TTR)-encapsulated in lipids, which has potential use in the treatment of TTR-mediated amyloidosis (ATTR). Upon intravenous administration of ALN-TTR02, the lipid formulation promotes the uptake by cells. The siRNAs bind to TTR mRNAs, which may result in the inhibition of both the translation and expression of the TTR protein. ATTR is caused by mutations in the TTR gene and results in the formation of abnormal amyloid proteins that accumulate in and cause damage to various body organs and tissues. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-TWEAK monoclonal antibody RO5458640: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the apoptotic ligand TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-TWEAK monoclonal antibody RO5458640 binds to TWEAK and prevents the binding of TWEAK to its receptor, FGF-inducible molecule 14 (Fn14), thereby blocking the TWEAK/Fn14 signaling. This may prevent tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis. TWEAK has pleiotropic effects, mediating proinflammatory and pro-angiogenic activity as well as stimulation of invasion, migration, and survival mediated via its receptor Fn14; Fn14 is expressed at relatively low levels in normal tissues, but is elevated in tumor cells and locally in injured and diseased tissues. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-VEGF anticalin PRS-050-PEG40: A pegylated, proprietary lipocalin that targets human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), with potential antineoplastic activity. Pegylated anti-VEGF anticalin PRS-050 specifically targets and binds to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2 or KDR), thereby preventing its activity. This may inhibit angiogenesis and eventually reduce tumor cell growth. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-VEGF/ANG2 nanobody BI 836880: A nanobody directed against angiopoietin-2 (Ang2; ANGPT2)- and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-derived peptides, with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Anti-VEGF/ANG2 nanobody BI 836880 binds to Ang2 and VEGF and inhibits receptor binding; this prevents Ang2- and VEGF-mediated signaling and inhibits both tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. Both VEGF and Ang2 are upregulated in a variety of cancer cell types and each plays a crucial role in angiogenesis. The nanobody is based on functional fragments of single-chain antibodies. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-VEGF-C monoclonal antibody VGX-100: A fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the human vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC or Flt4 ligand) with potential antiangiogenic activity. Anti-VEGFC monoclonal antibody VGX-100 specifically binds to and inhibits VEGFC protein, thereby preventing its binding to VEGFR3 (FLT4) or VEGFR2 (KDR or FLK1). This may prevent VEGFC-mediated signaling and may lead to the inhibition of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation. The inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis may eventually decrease tumor cell proliferation and prevent metastasis. VEGFC is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells, and is associated with increased invasiveness and decreased survival.
anti-VEGFR2-CAR retroviral vector-transduced autologous T lymphocytes: Autologous human CD8-positive T-lymphocytes transduced with a recombinant retroviral vector encoding a chimeric T cell receptor (chimeric antigen receptor or CAR) consisting of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) scFv (single chain variable fragment), linked to the transmembrane domain of human CD8alpha and coupled to the costimulatory signaling domains of both CD28 and 4-1BB (CD137), and the CD3 zeta chain of the T-cell receptor (TCR), with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from a patient with VEGFR2-positive cancer are pulsed with a retroviral vector that encodes the CAR gene specific for VEGFR2. After expansion in culture and reintroduction into the patient, the anti-VEGFR2 CAR-gene engineered CD8+ lymphocytes express anti-VEGFR2-CAR on their cell surfaces and bind to the VEGFR2 antigen on tumor cell surfaces. Subsequently, VEGFR2-expressing tumor cells are lysed. VEGFR2, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types, belongs to the VEGFR superfamily and plays key roles in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion and tumor angiogenesis. The co-stimulatory molecules are required for optimal T-cell activation. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-VEGFR3 monoclonal antibody IMC-3C5: A fully-human monoclonal antibody directed against human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3; Flt-4) with antiangiogenic activity. Anti-VEGFR-3 monoclonal antibody IMC-3C5 specifically binds to and inhibits VEGFR-3, which may result in inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and a decrease in tumor nutrient supply. VEGFR-3 plays a critical role in the embryonic vascular system development but is restricted postnatally to endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels and found to be expressed in many solid and hematologic malignancies. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
antiviral agent CSJ148: An antiviral agent that can potentially be used to prevent replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-VISTA monoclonal antibody JNJ 61610588: A human monoclonal antibody against the protein V-domain immunoglobulin (Ig) suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA; programmed death 1 homolog; PD1H; PD-1H), with potential negative checkpoint regulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, JNJ 61610588 targets and binds to VISTA. This inhibits VISTA signaling, abrogates the VISTA-induced suppression of T-lymphocyte-mediated immune responses, enhances cytotoxic T-cell responses against tumor cells and inhibits tumor cell growth. VISTA, mainly expressed on hematopoietic cells, plays a key role in immunosuppression. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
anti-von Willebrand factor nanobody: A humanized, bivalent anti-von Willebrand factor (VWF) nanobody with potential anti-platelet activity. Anti-von Willebrand factor nanobody specifically binds to the A1 domain of the VWF molecule, thereby inhibiting and neutralizing VWF activity. This prevents the interaction of VWF with the platelet glycoprotein (Gp)Ib-IX-V receptor and prevents VWF-mediated platelet aggregation. VWF is a glycoprotein and plays a key role in blood coagulation. Increased VWF, which is seen in a number of diseases, is associated with an increased risk in thrombosis. The nanobody formulation allows for rapid distribution, onset of action and clearance. The nanobody is based on the smallest functional fragments of single-chain antibodies that naturally occur in the Camelidae family. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
Antrin: (Other name for: motexafin lutetium)
Antrodia cinnamomea supplement: A dietary supplement containing extract from the medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea with potential antiangiogenic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities. The components in Antrodia cinnamomea supplement are rather complex, however, rich in triterpenoids, polysaccharides, nucleosides (adenosine) nucleic acids, superoxide dismutase, other small molecular weight proteins and steroid like compounds. Neutral sugars in this supplement show inhibitory activity on endothelial tube formation, while maleimide and maleic anhydride derivative components in the extract, such as antrodin B and antrodin C and their metabolites, exhibit significant cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and hepatitis C virus. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
apalutamide: A small molecule and androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. Apalutamide binds to AR in target tissues thereby preventing androgen-induced receptor activation and facilitating the formation of inactive complexes that cannot be translocated to the nucleus. This prevents binding to and transcription of AR-responsive genes. This ultimately inhibits the expression of genes that regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation and may lead to an inhibition of cell growth in AR-expressing tumor cells. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
apatinib: An orally bioavailable, small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Apatinib selectively binds to and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which may inhibit VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell migration and proliferation and decrease tumor microvessel density. In addition, this agent mildly inhibits c-Kit and c-SRC tyrosine kinases. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
apatorsen: A second-generation antisense oligonucleotide targeting heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) with potential antitumor and chemosensitizing activities. Apatorsen suppresses tumor cell expression of Hsp27, which may induce tumor cell apoptosis and enhance tumor cell sensitivity to cytotoxic agents. Hsp27, a chaperone belonging to the small heat shock protein (sHsp) group of proteins, is a cytoprotective protein that supports cell survival under conditions of stress; it has been found to be over-expressed in a variety of human cancers. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
apaziquone: An indolequinone bioreductive prodrug and analog of mitomycin C with potential antineoplastic and radiosensitization activities. Apaziquone is converted to active metabolites in hypoxic cells by intracellular reductases, which are present in greater amounts in hypoxic tumor cells. The active metabolites alkylate DNA, resulting in apoptotic cell death. This agent displays activity towards both hypoxic solid tumors, which exhibits higher expression of cytochrome P450 reductase, and well-oxygenated malignant cells that overexpress the bioreductive enzyme NQO1 (NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase). Apaziquone may selectively sensitize hypoxic tumor cells to radiocytotoxicity. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
APC8015F: A cell-based vaccine composed of previously frozen autologous antigen-presenting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (enriched for a dendritic cell fraction) that have been exposed to a recombinant protein consisting of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) fused to prostatic-acid phosphatase (PAP), a protein expressed by prostate cancer cells. Upon administration, the vaccine may stimulate an antitumor T-cell response against tumor cells expressing PAP. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
APF530: A controlled-release formulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) antagonist granisetron, in which granisteron is encapsulated in a biodegradable poly(ortho ester) polymer, with antiemetic activity. Upon subcutaneous administration, APF530 slowly erodes and releases the active ingredient granisetron over a period of approximately 5 days. As a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, granisetron competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5-HT3 receptors, resulting in the suppression of nausea and vomiting. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
apilimod dimesylate capsule: A capsule containing the dimesylate salt form of apilimod, an inhibitor of the class III PI kinase phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve), with potential antineoplastic and immunomodulatory activities. Upon oral administration of apilimod dimesylate capsule, apilimod selectively binds to and inhibits PIKfyve. The inhibition leads to disruption of PIKfyve-mediated signal transduction pathways and eventually inhibits tumor cell growth in PIKfyve-overexpressing tumor cells. Also, PIKfyve inhibition by apilimod inhibits the toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced production of various cytokines, including interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23, thereby preventing IL-12/IL-23-mediated immune responses. PIKfyve, a lipid kinase dysregulated in various tumor types, plays a key role in TLR signaling and tumor cell migration, proliferation and survival. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
apixaban: An orally active inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa with anticoagulant activity. Apixaban directly inhibits factor Xa, thereby interfering with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and preventing formation of cross-linked fibrin clots. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
Aplenzin: (Other name for: bupropion hydrochloride controlled-release)
Aplidin: (Other name for: plitidepsin)
apolizumab: A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against 1D10, a polymorphic determinant on the HLA-DR beta chain that is expressed on normal and neoplastic B cells. Apolizumab induces complement-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and apoptosis of 1D10 antigen-positive B cells in vitro. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
apomab: A fully human monoclonal antibody directed against human death receptor 5 (DR5; TRAIL-R2; TNFRSF10B) with potential proapoptotic and antineoplastic activities. Mimicking the natural ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand), apomab binds to DR5, which may directly activate the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and indirectly induce the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in tumor cells. DR5 is a cell surface receptor of the TNF-receptor superfamily and is expressed in a broad range of cancers. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
apoptosis inducer BZL101: An orally active aqueuous extract derived from the plant Scutellaria barbata with potential antineoplastic activity. Sparing normal cells, apoptosis inducer BZL101 specifically facilitates translocation of the protein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondrial membrane into the nucleus in tumor cells, thereby causing tumor cell-specific chromatin condensation and DNA degradation followed by the induction of caspase-independent apoptosis. AIF is both a mitochondrial intermembrane flavoprotein with oxidoreductase activity and a caspase-independent death effector that, similar to cytochrome c, is released from mitochondria early in the apoptotic process. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
apoptosis inducer GCS-100: A galectin-binding polysaccharide derived from citrus pectin with potential antineoplastic activity. Apoptosis inducer GCS-100 binds to the carbohydrate-binding domain of the lectin galectin-3, which may result in apoptosis mediated through mitochondria/caspase activation cascades; this agent may overcome tumor growth mediated through anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, heat shock protein-27 (Hsp-27), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). Galectin-3, a chimeric molecule consisting of both carbohydrate recognition and collagen-like domains, interacts with a variety of carbohydrate and protein ligands to form pentamers with unique crosslinking abilities; this lectin also exhibits anti-apoptotic properties, perhaps, in part, through the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
apoptosis inducer MPC-2130: A broad-acting, apoptosis-inducing, small molecule with potential antineoplastic activity. Although the exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated, apoptosis inducer MPC-2130 exhibits proapoptotic activities in tumor cells, including membrane phosphatidylserine externalization, release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, caspase activation, cell condensation, and DNA fragmentation. In addition, because this agent is not a substrate for several types of multidrug resistance (MDR) ABC superfamily transporters, such as P-glycoprotein 1 (MDR-1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer resistance protein 1 (BCRP1/ABCG2), it may be useful in treating MDR tumors that express these particular MDR efflux pumps. Check for active clinical trialsusing this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
apoptotic autologous tumor cells-pulsed alpha-type-1 polarized dendritic cells: A cell-based cancer vaccine composed of mature polarized dendritic cells (DCs) and pulsed with apoptotic autologous tumor cells that has potential immunostimulating and antineoplatic activities. Dendritic cells (DCs) were treated with interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon-alpha (IFN-a), IFN-gamma and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (p-I:C) to produce mature alpha type-1 polarized DCs (alphaDC1) that are capable of producing high levels of interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70). The alphaDC1 are subsequently pulsed with apoptotic autologous tumor cells. Upon administration, these DCs are able to induce a potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor associated antigens (TAAs), resulting in tumor cell lysis and inhibition of tumor cell growth. Apoptotic tumor cells contain an array of TAAs. Check for active clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus)
APOTONE: (Other name for: androstane steroid HE3235)