Feline Origin of Rotavirus Strain, Tunisia, 2008 - Vol. 19 No. 4 - April 2013 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Volume 19, Number 4 – April 2013
Volume 19, Number 4—April 2013
Dispatch
Feline Origin of Rotavirus Strain, Tunisia, 2008
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Abstract
In Tunisia in 2008, an unusual G6P[9] rotavirus, RVA/human-wt/TUN/17237/2008/G6P[9], rarely found in humans, was detected in a child. To determine the origin of this strain, we conducted phylogenetic analyses and found a unique genotype constellation resembling rotaviruses belonging to the feline BA222-like genotype constellation. The strain probably resulted from direct cat-to-human transmission.Certain G genotypes rarely encountered in humans are commonly associated with RVA strains from animals (4). For example, G6 RVA strains are occasionally detected in humans but are a common genotype in cattle (4). Complete genomes have been determined for 11 human G6 RVA strains: 7 G6P[14], 2 G6P[9], 1 human–animal reassortant G6P[6], and 1 unique G6P[11] (5–9).
The P[9] genotype is commonly associated with the G3 or G6 genotype and is believed to be typical for feline and canine RVA strains (4). A few G3P[9] and G3P[3] RVA strains have been detected in humans, and they are believed to be the result of direct interspecies transmission from cats or dogs to humans, possibly in combination with reassortment (10–13).
Previously, 2 genotype constellations among feline and canine RVA strains, cat97-like and AU-1-like, were described (13). The genotype constellations were G3-P[3]-I3-R3-C2-M3-A9-N2-T3-E3-H6 and G3-P[9]-I3-R3-C3-M3-A3-N3-T3-E3-H3, respectively. Recently, the complete genomes of a feline strain (RVA/cat-wt/ITA/BA222/2005/G3P[9]) and 2 feline-like human RVA strains (RVA/human-wt/ITA/PAI58/1996/G3P[9] and RVA/human-wt/ITA/PAH136/1996/G3P[9]) were shown to possess a distinct genotype constellation, G3-P[9]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N1/N2-T3/T6-E2-H3 (11), representing a tentative third feline genotype constellation (BA222-like). This tentative third feline BA222-like genotype constellation is an intriguing genotype mosaic, sometimes possessing Wa-like nonstructural protein (NSP) 2 or NSP3 gene segments and partially resembling the genotype constellation found in RVA strains from cattle and other artiodactyla (5,7,10,11). Full-genome sequences of unusual human RVA strains are being analyzed to detect interspecies transmission, reassortment, and evolutionary relationships between human and animal RVAs (10,11).
In 2008, during continuous surveillance for human RVA in Tunisia, we identified an unusual G6P[9] strain in an 8-month-old hospitalized child (14). To understand the evolution and origin of this unusual strain, RVA/human-wt/TUN/17237/2008/G6P[9] (hereafter referred to as strain 17237), we conducted phylogenetic analyses.
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