Genetics of Prostate Cancer (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version
SECTIONS
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- Identifying Genes and Inherited Variants Associated With Prostate Cancer Risk
- Genes With Potential Clinical Relevance in Prostate Cancer Risk
- Interventions in Familial Prostate Cancer
- Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment
- Psychosocial Issues in Familial Prostate Cancer
- Changes to This Summary (10/14/2016)
- About This PDQ Summary
- View All Sections
Changes to This Summary (10/14/2016)
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.
Added this new section.
Revised text to state that genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can identify inherited genetic variants that influence a specific phenotype, such as risk of a particular disease.
Revised text to state that to date, over 100 variants associated with prostate cancer have been identified by well-powered GWAS and validated in independent cohorts (cited Al Olama et al as reference 189). Added that men with early-onset prostate cancer have a higher cumulative number of risk alleles compared with older prostate cancer cases and compared with public controls (cited Lange et al. as reference 191).
The Susceptibility loci identified in GWAS subsection was renamed from Candidate genes and susceptibility loci identified in GWAS and was revised to state that beginning in 2006, multiple genome-wide studies seeking associations with prostate cancer risk converged on the same chromosomal locus, 8q24; the results were replicated in European American, African American, Icelandic, and Swedish populations. More than 100 variants at other chromosomal risk loci similarly have been identified by multistage GWAS; the most convincing associations reported to date for men of European ancestry are annotated in the National Human Genome Research Institute GWAS catalog.
Revised text to state that the most convincing GWAS reported to date for men of non-European ancestry are annotated in the National Human Genome Research Institute GWAS catalog.
Added text to state that a study examined 82 previously reported risk variants in 4,853 prostate cancer cases and 4,678 controls (cited Han et al. as reference 198). The majority of risk alleles are shared across African American and European American populations.
Revised text to state that genetic testing for pathogenic variants in genes with some association with prostate cancer risk is now available and has the potential to identify those at increased risk of prostate cancer.
Added text to state that it is possible that additional genes will have clinical relevance in prostate cancer risk in the future. Clinical sequencing of 150 metastatic tumors from men with castrate-resistant prostate cancer identified alterations in genes involved in DNA repair in 23% of men (cited Robinson et al. as reference 1). Interestingly, 8% of these variants were present in the germline. Although this work has not been confirmed, it raises the possibility that identification of certain germline variants may have clinical relevance in the near future.
Added text to state that genetic testing for pathogenic variants in genes with some association with prostate cancer risk is now available and has the potential to identify those at increased risk of prostate cancer.
This summary is written and maintained by the PDQ Cancer Genetics Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of NCI. The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or NIH. More information about summary policies and the role of the PDQ Editorial Boards in maintaining the PDQ summaries can be found on the About This PDQ Summary and PDQ® - NCI's Comprehensive Cancer Database pages.
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