Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition | NIDDK

Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition | NIDDK

Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition, is a compilation and assessment of epidemiologic, public health, clinical, and clinical trial data on diabetes and its complications in the United States. It is being published by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, during 2016–2018. The intended audience is the wide range of individuals in the research community, clinicians, health policy makers, and individuals with diabetes, as well as their caregivers and family members.

Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition, contains 42 chapters organized into three areas:

• Section I: Spectrum of Diabetes: Descriptive epidemiology of diabetes in the United States based on national surveys and community-based studies, including prevalence and incidence; sociodemographic, metabolic, and lifestyle characteristics; genetics and risk factors for developing diabetes; and unique aspects of diabetes in younger and older populations, and in pregnant women (chapters 1–16)
• Section II: Complications of Diabetes and Related Conditions: The myriad complications that affect patients with diabetes, including mortality (chapters 17–36)
• Section III: Prevention and Medical Care for Diabetes: Clinical trials and studies to prevent diabetes; medication use and self-care practices, health care utilization, and quality of care; and economic aspects including health insurance and health care costs (chapters 37–42)

This page includes:

• Chapter PDFs and figures
• Suggested citation for this publication
• Permissions information
• Disclaimer about the publication’s findings and conclusions

Learn about key points of Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition, in this fact sheet (PDF, 2.2 MB) .

A previous report, Diabetes in America, 2nd Edition, is also available.

View Publication

• Cover (PDF, 0.28 MB) 
• Preface (PDF, 0.07 KB) 
• Steering Committee (PDF, 0.45 MB) 
• Editorial Board (PDF, 0.46 MB) 
• Authors (PDF, 0.12 MB) 
• External Reviewers (PDF, 0.07 MB) 
• Full List of Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition, Chapters (PDF, 0.50 MB) 

Section I: Spectrum of Diabetes

• Chapter 1: Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes (PDF, 1.17 MB) 
  Saul M. Genuth, MD, Jerry P. Palmer, MD, and David M. Nathan, MD
  Figures (ZIP, 1.9 MB) 


• Chapter 2: Prevalence and Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Among Children and Adults in the United States and Comparison With Non-U.S. Countries (PDF, 1.32 MB) 
  Giuseppina Imperatore, MD, PhD, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, PhD, Trevor J. Orchard, MD, and Victor W. Zhong, PhD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.64 MB) 


• Chapter 3: Prevalence and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes (PDF, 5.82 MB) 
  Catherine C. Cowie, PhD, MPH, Sarah Stark Casagrande, PhD, and Linda S. Geiss, MA
  Figures (ZIP, 6.46 MB) 


• Chapter 4: Gestational Diabetes (PDF, 0.77 MB) 
  Boyd E. Metzger, MD, and Thomas A. Buchanan, MD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.16 MB) 


• Chapter 5: Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy (PDF, 2.47 MB)
  John L. Kitzmiller, MD, MS, Assiamira Ferrara MD, PhD, Tiffany Peng, MA, Michelle A. Cissell, PhD, and Catherine Kim, MD, MPH


• Chapter 6: Other Specific Types of Diabetes (PDF, 0.63 MB) 
  Gregory P. Forlenza, MD, Antoinette Moran, MD, and Brandon Nathan, MD 
  Figures (ZIP, 0.44 MB) 


• Chapter 7: Monogenic Forms of Diabetes (PDF, 2.5 MB) 
  Mark A. Sperling, MD, and Abhimanyu Garg, MD
  Figures (ZIP, 7.96 MB) 


• Chapter 8: Sociodemographic Characteristics of Persons With Diabetes (PDF, 6.59 MB) 
  Mark S. Eberhardt, PhD, Sarah Stark Casagrande, PhD, and Catherine C. Cowie, PhD, MPH
  Figures (ZIP, 1.97 MB) 


• Chapter 9: Physical and Metabolic Characteristics of Persons With Diabetes and Prediabetes (PDF, 1.59 MB) 
  Andy Menke, PhD, William C. Knowler, MD, DrPH, and Catherine C. Cowie, PhD, MPH
  Figures (ZIP, 4.21 MB) 


• Chapter 10: Lifestyle Characteristics Among People With Diabetes and Prediabetes (PDF, 2.97 MB) 
  Rachel P. Ogilvie, MPH, Azadeh Zabetian, MD, Ali H. Mokdad, PhD, and K.M. Venkat Narayan, MD, MSc, MBA
  Figures (ZIP, 0.75 MB) 


• Chapter 11: Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes (PDF, 1.96 MB) 
  Marian Rewers, MD, PhD, Lars C. Stene, PhD, and Jill M. Norris, MPH, PhD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.73 MB) 


• Chapter 12: Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes (PDF, 2.2 MB) 
  Stephen S. Rich, PhD, Henry Erlich, PhD, and Patrick Concannon, PhD
  Figures (ZIP, 3.02 MB) 


• Chapter 13: Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes (PDF, 1.83 MB) 
  Sylvia H. Ley, PhD, RD, Matthias B. Schulze, DrPH, Marie-France Hivert, MD, MMSc, James B. Meigs, MD, MPH, and Frank B. Hu, MD, PhD
  Figures (ZIP, 3.42 MB) 


• Chapter 14: Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes (PDF, 1.27 MB) 
  Jose C. Florez, MD, PhD, Miriam S. Udler, MD, PhD, and Robert L. Hanson, MD, MPH
  Figures (ZIP, 1.88 MB) 


• Chapter 15: Diabetes in Youth (PDF, 2 MB) 
  Dana Dabelea, MD, PhD, Richard F. Hamman, MD, DrPH, and William C. Knowler, MD, DrPH
  Figures (ZIP, 0.83 MB) 


• Chapter 16: Diabetes in Older Adults (PDF, 2.92 MB)  (updated 3/8/2018)
  Neda Laiteerapong, MD, MS, and Elbert S. Huang, MD, MPH, FACP
  Figures (ZIP, 0.77 MB) 
  Update History (PDF, 0.33 KB) 

Section II: Complications of Diabetes and Related Conditions

• Chapter 17: Acute Metabolic Complications in Diabetes (PDF, 1.92 MB) 
  Arleta Rewers, MD, PhD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.32 MB) 


• Chapter 18: Heart Disease and Diabetes (PDF, 1.07 MB) 
  Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, MD, Deborah Wingard, PhD, Nathan Wong, PhD, and Ron Goldberg, MD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.58 MB) 


• Chapter 19: Stroke and Diabetes (PDF, 0.48 MB) 
  Aleksandra Pikula, MD, Barbara V. Howard, PhD, and Sudha Seshadri, MD
  Figures (ZIP, 1.78 MB) 


• Chapter 20: Peripheral Arterial Disease, Foot Ulcers, Lower Extremity Amputations, and Diabetes (PDF, 3.47 MB) 
  Edward J. Boyko, MD, MPH, Matilde Monteiro-Soares, DPM, PhD, and Stephanie G.B. Wheeler, MD, MPH
  Figures (ZIP, 3.76 MB) 


• Chapter 21: Epidemiology of Ocular Functions and Diseases in Persons With Diabetes(PDF, 1.53 MB) 
  Ronald Klein, MD, MPH, and Barbara E. K. Klein, MD, MPH
  Figures (ZIP, 1.66 MB) 


• Chapter 22: Kidney Disease in Diabetes (PDF, 7.51 MB) 
  Meda E. Pavkov, MD, PhD, Allan J. Collins, MD, Josef Coresh, MD, PhD, and Robert G. Nelson, MD, PhD
  Figures (ZIP, 10.34 MB) 


• Chapter 23: Peripheral and Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes (PDF, 0.54 MB) 
  Rodica Pop-Busui, MD, PhD, Andrew J. M. Boulton, MD, DSc (PDF, Hon), FACP, FICP, FRCP, and Jay M. Sosenko, MD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.18 MB) 


• Chapter 24: Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment (PDF, 1.99 MB) 
  José A. Luchsinger, MD, MPH, Christopher Ryan, PhD, and Lenore J. Launer, PhD
  Figures (ZIP, 1.18 MB) 


• Chapter 25: Impact of Sleep and Circadian Disturbances on Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes (PDF, 0.98 MB) 
  Sirimon Reutrakul, MD, CDE, Naresh M. Punjabi, MD, PhD, and Eve Van Cauter, PhD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.77 MB) 


• Chapter 26: Liver and Gallbladder Disease in Diabetes (PDF, 2.16 MB) 
  Constance E. Ruhl, MD, PhD, Jeanne M. Clark, MD, MPH, and James E. Everhart, MD, MPH
  Figures (ZIP, 0.45 MB) 


• Chapter 27: Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Diabetes (PDF, 1.32 MB) 
  Adil E. Bharucha, MD, G. Richard Locke, MD, and Joseph A. Murray, MD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.82 MB) 


• Chapter 28: Urologic Diseases and Sexual Dysfunction in Diabetes (PDF, 0.94 MB) 
  Aruna V. Sarma, PhD, Mary K. Townsend, ScD, Francine Grodstein, ScD, Benjamin N. Breyer, MD, and Jeanette S. Brown, MD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.08 MB) 


• Chapter 29: Cancer and Diabetes (PDF, 0.55 MB) 
  Hsin-Chieh Yeh, PhD, Asieh Golozar, MD, PhD, MHS, MPH, and Frederick L. Brancati, MD, MHS
  Figures (ZIP, 0.08 MB) 


• Chapter 30: Infections Associated With Diabetes (PDF, 1.7 MB) 
  Leonard E. Egede, MD, MS, Beatrice J. Hull, MD, and Joni S. Williams, MD, MPH
  Figures (ZIP, 3.67 MB) 


• Chapter 31: Oral Health and Diabetes (PDF, 6.01 MB) 
  Wenche S. Borgnakke, DDS, MPH, PhD, Robert J. Genco, DDS, PhD, Paul I. Eke, MS, PhD, MPH, PhD, and George W. Taylor, DMD, MPH, DrPH
  Figures (ZIP, 11.3 MB) 


• Chapter 32: Bone and Joint Complications in Diabetes (PDF, 0.89 MB) 
  Ann V. Schwartz, PhD, and Nancy E. Lane, MD
  Figures (ZIP, 1.27 MB) 


• Chapter 33: Psychiatric and Psychosocial Issues Among Individuals Living With Diabetes(PDF, 0.80 MB) 
  Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, PhD, Korey K. Hood, PhD, Sabrina A. Esbitt, PhD, Shamik Mukherji, MD, Naomi S. Kane, MA, and Alan Jacobson, MD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.22 MB) 


• Chapter 34: Diabetes and Disability (PDF, 0.56 MB) 
  Edward W. Gregg, PhD, and Andy Menke, PhD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.67 MB) 


• Chapter 35: Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes (PDF, 1.01 MB) 
  Aaron M. Secrest, MD, PhD, Raynard E. Washington, PhD, and Trevor J. Orchard, MBBCh, MMedSci
  Figures (ZIP, 1.22 MB) 


• Chapter 36: Mortality Trends in Type 2 Diabetes (PDF, 1.19 MB) 
  Klara J. Rosenquist, MD, and Caroline S. Fox, MD, MPH
  Figures (ZIP, 1.23 MB) 

Section III: Prevention and Medical Care for Diabetes

• Chapter 37: Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes (PDF, 1.35 MB) 
  Jay S. Skyler, MD, MACP, Jeffrey P. Krischer, PhD, Dorothy J. Becker, MD, MBBCh, and Marian Rewers, MD, PhD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.20 MB) 


• Chapter 38: Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes (0.51 MB) 
  William C. Knowler, MD, DrPH, Jill P. Crandall, MD, Jean-Louis Chiasson, MD, and David M. Nathan, MD


• Chapter 39: Medication Use and Self-Care Practices in Persons With Diabetes (PDF, 0.82 MB) 
  Sharon H. Saydah, PhD
  Figures (ZIP, 0.40 MB) 


• Chapter 40: Health Care Utilization and Costs of Diabetes (PDF, 3.55 MB) 
  Laura N. McEwen, PhD, MPH, and William H. Herman, MD, MPH
  Figures (ZIP, 7.45 MB) 


• Chapter 41: Quality of Care in People With Diabetes (PDF, 1.51 MB) 
  Elizabeth Selvin, PhD, MPH, FAHA, K. M. Venkat Narayan, MD, MSc, MBA, and Elbert S. Huang, MD, MPH, FACP
  Figures (ZIP, 1.34 MB) 


• Chapter 42: Health Insurance and Diabetes (PDF, 0.75 MB) 
  Sarah Stark Casagrande, PhD, and Catherine C. Cowie, PhD, MPH
  Figures (ZIP, 1.31 MB) 

Appendix

• Appendix 1 Conversions (PDF, 0.74 MB) 

Index

An index will be developed after all the chapters are posted.

Additional Information

Suggested Citation

[Author(s): Chapter title. Chapter # in] Diabetes in America, 3rd ed. Cowie CC, Casagrande SS, Menke A, Cissell MA, Eberhardt MS, Meigs JB, Gregg EW, Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Becker DJ, Brancati FL, Boyko EJ, Herman WH, Howard BV, Narayan KMV, Rewers M, Fradkin JE, Eds. Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health, NIH Pub No. 17-1468, 2018[, p. #.x–#.x]

Permissions

Diabetes in America is in the public domain of the United States. You may use the work without restriction in the United States.

Disclaimer

A number of the authors of chapters in Diabetes in America are employees of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), or the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The findings and conclusions in this compendium are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of NIH, CDC, or VHA.

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• Diabetes in America, 2nd Edition