lunes, 1 de agosto de 2016

MercatorNet: It’s official: sexism, racism, poverty and homophobia spread AIDS. Not just sex.

MercatorNet: It’s official: sexism, racism, poverty and homophobia spread AIDS. Not just sex.



It’s official: sexism, racism, poverty and homophobia spread AIDS. Not just sex.

The recent UN AIDS conference proposed some startling solutions.
Matthew Hanley | Aug 1 2016 | comment 2 
    




What if I told you that smoking two packs a day doesn’t increase your risk of lung cancer? That a highly sedentary lifestyle doesn’t lead to various adverse outcomes? Surely you’d deride me. Conclude I’m off my rocker. Anti-science. A reactionary.

Would it be better if I qualified it to say that these behaviors are not the only causes for these conditions? Maybe, I guess, a little. But when the point is to minimize their importance as main risk factors, the question of motive naturally arises.

And so, what if I told you sex doesn't really account for HIV transmission? Because you can do that if you are addressing a United Nations panel at an international AIDS conference. As to why the rules should be different when it comes to sex, well, that important question goes to the deepest, if often unknown, roots of our truly revolutionary culture. The short answer is because that is now how the drivers of modern society want it.

The opening remarks at the latest international AIDS Conference in South Africa last month featured some typical drivel:

It [HIV] has no biological preference for black bodies, for women’s bodies, for gay bodies, for youths or the poor. It doesn’t single out the vulnerable, the oppressed or the abused. We single out the vulnerable, the oppressed and the abused.
And:

HIV is not just transmitted by sex… It’s transmitted by sexism, racism, poverty and homophobia. And if we’re going to end AIDS, we have to cure the disease within our own hearts and within our own minds first.
When I was first alerted to these remarks, I thought they had been made by one of the authorities. They turn out to have come from South African actress Charlize Theron. But to exaggerate only slightly, they could have come from most anyone participating in a “professional” capacity.

When she says “not just” by sex, she doesn’t mean that there are other means – indeed much more efficient means – of HIV transmission such as the sharing of needles and syringes. She means to direct attention away from sex itself, to minimize its primary role, and to shift ultimate causality anywhere else.

Where to start on such a pronouncement? Its absurdity makes for easy pickings, but one takeaway is that statements like these sound less like medicine than a strand of Marxism – cultural Marxism. The latter’s widespread and insidious influence is why public health authorities and celebrities can sound interchangeable, if the matter at hand involves sex.

What any such speaker aims to reinforce with that kind of declaration is the actual commitment of officialdom – and it is not to health but to “equality”. Since the original Marxist revolution morphed away from the sphere of economics and into the sexual revolution, every form of sex has necessarily come to be regarded a priori as equal; therefore, the objective risk profile must also be made equal. Nothing must jeopardize the truly radical assertion that there are no differences in the arena of sexuality.

In other words, objective hazards must be repackaged to conform to the value assigned to sexual behavior – which is something we don't do for other public health matters. We don’t view consuming sugary drinks in large quantities as a positive good; otherwise, instead of proposed bans, we’d have campaigns to distribute them in the schools – but with some kind of pill to try to offset the foreseeable physical harm.

Notice the contention that there are no differences in the realm of sexuality is utterlyunproven. That is very much in keeping with what the late Italian philosopherAugusto Del Noce felt was one of the chief influences of our metaphysically deprived time: scientism. Roughly speaking, this is the view that only science can be taken to represent legitimate knowledge, which mandates a corresponding – and highly consequential – dismissal of other long held universal truths in the realm of values and ethics.

He felt that scientism, with its claim that “science is capable of transforming the moral world itself”, is totalitarian in nature, and that it is even “more opposed to tradition than communism”. He further noted that ever since Francis Bacon four centuries ago, “the discovery of every new science has been accompanied by the proposal of a utopia.”

Back in the early 1970s he stressed, rightly, that scientism is an unproven ideology, and one inextricably tied to the rise of the “permissive” society. Because it lacks reasoned proof, it must seek to triumph by means of the will – by various forms of coercion – rather than by argument: “Without any proofs, one must rely upon the promise that characterizes every form of totalitarianism, namely future happiness”.

The future happiness to be attained via the sexual revolution is a matter of the will, not of reason. This is why no argument is seriously entertained – whether in the context of AIDS prevention or the broader cultural sphere.

This also explains why the emphasis of AIDS control programs is on using “the tools” at our disposal: it cannot be any other way – even though transmission is nonetheless inextricably tied to human behavior. And it also explains what Charlize Theron has in mind when she says the answer to AIDS lies in our minds; she is echoing what Wilhelm Reich’s advocated in his 1930 book The Sexual Revolution:the only ideas that should be tolerated are those that do not diminish “sexual happiness”.

There are a number of well-reasoned, constructively oriented critiques to the predominant approach to AIDS prevention – but they tend to fall on deaf ears, no matter how thoughtfully they are expressed. Probably the most common is the argument that the heavy reliance on risk reduction strategies might not only be counterproductive, but that they contain a premise that is unsettling, and not a little condescending, namely that people are incapable of refraining from harmful practices; and if practices known to be hazardous are simultaneously deemed unavoidable, then people are merely unwitting objects of vast forces perpetually beyond their control.

Put that way, one can sense something dehumanizing at the core of the whole program. Indeed, the British writer and retired physician Theodore Dalrympleregards harm reduction approaches as essentially “infantilizing”. The fact that he is not religious doesn’t earn him any points here though, because he has scorned this deeply held dogma. (Not coincidentally, he is no Marxist).

But these kinds of arguments mainly go ignored. Because they have to be ignored. There is a revolution to advance. Broken eggs, shattered lives, dismantled families: that is how the revolutionary omelet is made. But down that road lies nihilism, as we see all around us.

Unfortunately, this serves as but one example of where Del Noce feared we, our affluent, permissive, technocratic societies, were headed: “toward the rule of systematically organized mendacity.”

Matthew Hanley is a Senior Fellow with the National Catholic Bioethics Center. The opinions expressed here are his own and not those of the NCBC.


MercatorNet

Over the past 35 years, 35 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses and an estimated 78 million people have become infected with HIV.
Although the fight against AIDS has not been on the front page for months, it continues to be a terrible scourge. An estimated 1.9 million adults have become infected with HIV every year for at least the past five years and new HIV infections among adults are actually rising in some regions. AIDS experts were hoping that new infections would decline to 500,000 a year by 2020. This is probably not going to happen.
Why?
According to a huge UN-sponsored AIDS conference in South Africa, recently, the problem is not sexual activity but stigma and discrimination.
In one of today’s articles Matt Hanley says this is rubbish. Read why. Click here.


Michael Cook 
Editor 
MERCATORNET



It’s official: sexism, racism, poverty and homophobia spread AIDS. Not just sex.
Matthew Hanley | FEATURES | 1 August 2016
The recent UN AIDS conference proposed some startling solutions.
Read more...
Separating the faith from the sword
Massimo Introvigne | ABOVE | 1 August 2016
The strategy of Pope Francis seems to be working in Italy.
Read more...
The work-family-childcare-life balance
Shannon Roberts | DEMOGRAPHY IS DESTINY | 1 August 2016
How are parents around the world actually managing the juggle?
Read more...
Romania: 25 years of natural population decline
Marcus Roberts | DEMOGRAPHY IS DESTINY | 30 July 2016
And counting...
Read more...
MERCATORNET | New Media Foundation 
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Designed by elleston

New Media Foundation | Suite 12A, Level 2, 5 George St | North Strathfield NSW 2137 | AUSTRALIA | +61 2 8005 8605 

MercatorNet: It’s official: sexism, racism, poverty and homophobia spread AIDS. Not just sex.

MercatorNet: The work-family-childcare-life balance

MercatorNet: The work-family-childcare-life balance



The work-family-childcare-life balance

How are parents around the world actually managing the juggle?
Shannon Roberts | Aug 1 2016 | comment 2 


How to best manage paid work, domestic work and quality childcare is a dilemma for couples worldwide. The last half-century has witnessed a gender revolution that has brought about more egalitarian beliefs and major changes in family structure.  So how are couples around the world actually achieving – or not achieving – the balance?  This year’s World Family Map Project essayset out to examine this question.
The data, which surveyed thousands of individuals and couples worldwide, revealed that there is no longer one dominant pattern for dividing paid and domestic work in any world region. Nor was any particular approach consistently linked to higher levels of happiness among parents; those families with a mother working full time in the home were found to be just as happy as those that work.  In fact the only dominant findings with regard to happiness were that parents who have a partner with whom to divide the labour report more happiness than parents who do not have a partner, and religious parents are happier than those who are not.
Interestingly, in higher-income countries couples with children are more likely to divide work along traditional gender lines (that is, a husband working full-time while his wife manages the home and children).  This could be the case because couples with enough financial freedom to make a choice are more likely to choose to have a mother at home for their children.  For many families two incomes are increasingly necessary to support a family so a traditional division of labour has become less practical.
At the same time, having a mother at home may have become less desirable where women as well as men are educated and socialized for market work. Rightly or wrongly women may feel that having an identity beyond the home gives more meaning to their lives and adds to their feelings of self-worth regardless of financial necessity.
The neo-traditional model, in which the woman works part-time and the man works full-time, while the woman takes the lead in domestic work, may represent a happy medium in terms of couples’ non-work time, income, and similarity vs. complementarity. On the other hand, professional women who still take on more housework may be less happy, and some part-time jobs offer poor pay, less meaningful careers and poor promotion prospects.
In summary, the four categories utilised by the study were: traditional (he works for pay, she doesn’t), neo-traditional (both do paid work, but he works at least seven hours a week more than she does), egalitarian (the gap between their weekly paid work hours is less than seven hours), and reverse traditional (she works at least seven hours a week more than he does).  The division of domestic work among couples with children was summarised using similar categories.
It found that a traditional division of paid work is more common in the United States, Australia, Asia, Central and South America, and South Africa (30 to 39 percent of partnered parents) than in any region of Europe (7 to 27 percent).  Could this help explain Europe’s lower fertility rates?  The neo-traditional pattern with mothers working, but substantially less than fathers, is the most common arrangement in Australia and Western Europe.  Interestingly, despite its relatively high proportion of traditional couples, the United States is also home to the world’s greatest proportion of couples where the woman works substantially more hours than the man (14 percent of couples).  
The age of a family’s children made a difference to the amount of hours women worked. For instance, women in Eastern Europe with school-aged children actually work 2.2 more paid hours per week than those without children, but 15.0 hours fewer if they have younger children.  The following graph summarises the division of paid work among couples with children in regions around the world:
The most common division of domestic work in every region is neo-traditional, meaning men pitch in, but women do significantly more. Egalitarian arrangements are only common in Northern Europe, where almost half of couples with children share domestic work equally. Generally the regions where fewer mothers are in the paid labour force are the regions where men are the most likely to do no domestic work at all: South Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. The United States is the exception to this rule; 32 percent of partnered mothers do no paid work, but all fathers still did at least some domestic work (congratulations to them!).  
Taking into account both paid work and domestic work, in Northern Europe (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) the largest majority of couples with children reported an egalitarian division of labour (36 percent) and the least number a traditional one (5 percent); thus this region displays the greatest institutionalised gender role change.  In Southern and Eastern Europe women’s movement into paid work has progressed more quickly than men’s integration into domestic work; almost half of women in these regions do as much paid work as their partners, but most of them still do more domestic work as well, a situation which surely makes family life very busy for those women.  Australia and Western Europe have large numbers of neo-traditional couples (41 and 38 percent, respectively) where the woman does more domestic work and less paid work than her male partner.  The following graph summarises the division of both paid and domestic work:
Overall, how couples with children divide labour was found to be less closely related to happiness than was expected.  In the midst of profound pluralism, most parents appear to find an arrangement that suits them well enough. At least when it comes to parents’ happiness, these results suggest that how you divide paid and domestic work matters less than having a partner with whom to share the load and attending a religious service regularly in terms of overall happiness.  
It also appears that wealth affects the choices parents make, indicating that given the financial choice more mothers would stay at home and men may spend more time with their children (men were found to spend more time doing domestic tasks in higher income countries).  The outcome for children and their future happiness could potentially be a different story and remains to be seen amid such profound social change.


MercatorNet

Over the past 35 years, 35 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses and an estimated 78 million people have become infected with HIV.
Although the fight against AIDS has not been on the front page for months, it continues to be a terrible scourge. An estimated 1.9 million adults have become infected with HIV every year for at least the past five years and new HIV infections among adults are actually rising in some regions. AIDS experts were hoping that new infections would decline to 500,000 a year by 2020. This is probably not going to happen.
Why?
According to a huge UN-sponsored AIDS conference in South Africa, recently, the problem is not sexual activity but stigma and discrimination.
In one of today’s articles Matt Hanley says this is rubbish. Read why. Click here.


Michael Cook 
Editor 
MERCATORNET



It’s official: sexism, racism, poverty and homophobia spread AIDS. Not just sex.
Matthew Hanley | FEATURES | 1 August 2016
The recent UN AIDS conference proposed some startling solutions.
Read more...
Separating the faith from the sword
Massimo Introvigne | ABOVE | 1 August 2016
The strategy of Pope Francis seems to be working in Italy.
Read more...
The work-family-childcare-life balance
Shannon Roberts | DEMOGRAPHY IS DESTINY | 1 August 2016
How are parents around the world actually managing the juggle?
Read more...
Romania: 25 years of natural population decline
Marcus Roberts | DEMOGRAPHY IS DESTINY | 30 July 2016
And counting...
Read more...
MERCATORNET | New Media Foundation 
Suite 12A, Level 2, 5 George Street, North Strathfied NSW 2137, Australia 

Designed by elleston

New Media Foundation | Suite 12A, Level 2, 5 George St | North Strathfield NSW 2137 | AUSTRALIA | +61 2 8005 8605 

MercatorNet: The work-family-childcare-life balance

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Home page

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Home page

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Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases - IMPACT FACTOR 3.29

The following new articles have just been published in Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

Articles

Review series

Nosological delineation of congenital ocular motor apraxia type Cogan: an observational study | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

Nosological delineation of congenital ocular motor apraxia type Cogan: an observational study | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

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Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases - IMPACT FACTOR 3.29

Research  

Wente S, Schröder S, Buckard J, Büttel H, von Deimling F, Diener W, Häussler M, Hübschle S, Kinder S, Kurlemann G, Kretzschmar C, Lingen M, Maroske W, Mundt D, Sánchez-Albisua I, Seeger J, Toelle S, Boltshauser E, Brockmann K

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2016, 11 :104 (29 July 2016)
 
OPEN ACCESS

Nosological delineation of congenital ocular motor apraxia type Cogan: an observational study

  • Sarah Wente,
  • Simone Schröder,
  • Johannes Buckard,
  • Hans-Martin Büttel,
  • Florian von Deimling,
  • Wilfried Diener,
  • Martin Häussler,
  • Susanne Hübschle,
  • Silvia Kinder,
  • Gerhard Kurlemann,
  • Christoph Kretzschmar,
  • Michael Lingen,
  • Wiebke Maroske,
  • Dirk Mundt,
  • Iciar Sánchez-Albisua,
  • Jürgen Seeger,
  • Sandra P. Toelle,
  • Eugen Boltshauser and
  • Knut BrockmannEmail authorView ORCID ID profile
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases201611:104
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0486-z
Received: 8 April 2016
Accepted: 14 July 2016
Published: 29 July 2016

Abstract

Background

The nosological assignment of congenital ocular motor apraxia type Cogan (COMA) is still controversial. While regarded as a distinct entity by some authorities including the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man catalog of genetic disorders, others consider COMA merely a clinical symptom.

Methods

We performed a retrospective multicenter data collection study with re-evaluation of clinical and neuroimaging data of 21 previously unreported patients (8 female, 13 male, ages ranging from 2 to 24 years) diagnosed as having COMA.

Results

Ocular motor apraxia (OMA) was recognized during the first year of life and confined to horizontal pursuit in all patients. OMA attenuated over the years in most cases, regressed completely in two siblings, and persisted unimproved in one individual. Accompanying clinical features included early onset ataxia in most patients and cognitive impairment with learning disability (n = 6) or intellectual disability (n = 4). Re-evaluation of MRI data sets revealed a hitherto unrecognized molar tooth sign diagnostic for Joubert syndrome in 11 patients, neuroimaging features of Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome in one case and cerebral malformation suspicious of a tubulinopathy in another subject. In the remainder, MRI showed vermian hypo-/dysplasia in 4 and no abnormalities in another 4 patients. There was a strong trend to more severe cognitive impairment in patients with Joubert syndrome compared to those with inconclusive MRI, but otherwise no significant difference in clinical phenotypes between these two groups.

Conclusions

Systematical renewed analysis of neuroimaging data resulted in a diagnostic reappraisal in the majority of patients with early-onset OMA in the cohort reported here. This finding poses a further challenge to the notion of COMA constituting a separate entity and underlines the need for an expert assessment of neuroimaging in children with COMA, especially if they show cognitive impairment.

Keywords

Congenital ocular motor apraxia Molar tooth sign Joubert syndrome

Altered skeletal muscle (mitochondrial) properties in patients with mitochondrial DNA single deletion myopathy | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

Altered skeletal muscle (mitochondrial) properties in patients with mitochondrial DNA single deletion myopathy | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

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Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases - IMPACT FACTOR 3.29

Research  

Gehrig S, Mihaylova V, Frese S, Mueller S, Ligon-Auer M, Spengler C, Petersen J, Lundby C, Jung H

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2016, 11 :105 (29 July 2016)

Altered skeletal muscle (mitochondrial) properties in patients with mitochondrial DNA single deletion myopathy

  • Saskia Maria Gehrig,
  • Violeta Mihaylova,
  • Sebastian Frese,
  • Sandro Manuel Mueller,
  • Maria Ligon-Auer,
  • Christina M. Spengler,
  • Jens A. Petersen,
  • Carsten Lundby and
  • Hans H. JungEmail author
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases201611:105
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0488-x
Received: 13 May 2016
Accepted: 21 July 2016
Published: 29 July 2016

Abstract

Background

Mitochondrial myopathy severely affects skeletal muscle structure and function resulting in defective oxidative phosphorylation. However, the major pathomechanisms and therewith effective treatment approaches remain elusive. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate disease-related impairments in skeletal muscle properties in patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Accordingly, skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from six patients with moleculargenetically diagnosed mitochondrial myopathy (one male and five females, 53 ± 9 years) and eight age- and gender-matched healthy controls (two males and six females, 58 ± 14 years) to determine mitochondrial respiratory capacity of complex I-V, mitochondrial volume density and fiber type distribution.

Results

Mitochondrial volume density (4.0 ± 0.5 vs. 5.1 ± 0.8 %) as well as respiratory capacity of complex I-V were lower (P < 0.05) in mitochondrial myopathy and associated with a higher (P < 0.001) proportion of type II fibers (65.2 ± 3.6 vs. 44.3 ± 5.9 %). Additionally, mitochondrial volume density and maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity correlated positively (P < 0.05) to peak oxygen uptake.

Conclusion

Mitochondrial myopathy leads to impaired mitochondrial quantity and quality and a shift towards a more glycolytic skeletal muscle phenotype.

Keywords

Bioenergetics Fat oxidation Mitochondria Mitochondrial cytopathy Neuromuscular disease Skeletal muscle phenotype