PLoS ONE: Task-Induced Deactivation from Rest Extends beyond the Default Mode Brain Network

full-text ►PLoS ONE: Task-Induced Deactivation from Rest Extends beyond the Default Mode Brain Network: "Task-Induced Deactivation from Rest Extends beyond the Default Mode Brain Network

Activity decreases, or deactivations, of midline and parietal cortical brain regions are routinely observed in human functional neuroimaging studies that compare periods of task-based cognitive performance with passive states, such as rest. It is now widely held that such task-induced deactivations index a highly organized ‘default-mode network’ (DMN): a large-scale brain system whose discovery has had broad implications in the study of human brain function and behavior. In this work, we show that common task-induced deactivations from rest also occur outside of the DMN as a function of increased task demand. Fifty healthy adult subjects performed two distinct functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks that were designed to reliably map deactivations from a resting baseline. As primary findings, increases in task demand consistently modulated the regional anatomy of DMN deactivation. At high levels of task demand, robust deactivation was observed in non-DMN regions, most notably, the posterior insular cortex. Deactivation of this region was directly implicated in a performance-based analysis of experienced task difficulty. Together, these findings suggest that task-induced deactivations from rest are not limited to the DMN and extend to brain regions typically associated with integrative sensory and interoceptive processes.

Ben J. Harrison1,2*, Jesus Pujol1, Oren Contreras-Rodríguez1, Carles Soriano-Mas1,3, Marina López-Solà1,5, Joan Deus1,4, Hector Ortiz1, Laura Blanco-Hinojo1, Pino Alonso5, Rosa Hernández-Ribas5, Narcís Cardoner5, José M. Menchón5

1 Institut d'Alta Tecnologia-PRBB, CRC Mar, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, 2 Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia, 3 Fundació Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain, 4 Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 5 Neuroscience Group-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-ICS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Abstract Top

Activity decreases, or deactivations, of midline and parietal cortical brain regions are routinely observed in human functional neuroimaging studies that compare periods of task-based cognitive performance with passive states, such as rest. It is now widely held that such task-induced deactivations index a highly organized ‘default-mode network’ (DMN): a large-scale brain system whose discovery has had broad implications in the study of human brain function and behavior. In this work, we show that common task-induced deactivations from rest also occur outside of the DMN as a function of increased task demand. Fifty healthy adult subjects performed two distinct functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks that were designed to reliably map deactivations from a resting baseline. As primary findings, increases in task demand consistently modulated the regional anatomy of DMN deactivation. At high levels of task demand, robust deactivation was observed in non-DMN regions, most notably, the posterior insular cortex. Deactivation of this region was directly implicated in a performance-based analysis of experienced task difficulty. Together, these findings suggest that task-induced deactivations from rest are not limited to the DMN and extend to brain regions typically associated with integrative sensory and interoceptive processes.

Citation: Harrison BJ, Pujol J, Contreras-Rodríguez O, Soriano-Mas C, López-Solà M, et al. (2011) Task-Induced Deactivation from Rest Extends beyond the Default Mode Brain Network. PLoS ONE 6(7): e22964. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022964

Editor: Antonio Verdejo García, University of Granada, Spain

Received: April 20, 2011; Accepted: July 3, 2011; Published: July 29, 2011

Copyright: © 2011 Harrison et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Funding: This work was supported in part by the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS, I.D. PI050884) and Ministry of Education and Science of Spain (I.D. SAF2007-62376). BJH is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Clinical Career Development Award (I.D. 628509). JD and ML-S are members of the Research Group SGR-1450 of the Agency of University and Research Funding Management of the Catalan Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. No additional external funding was received for this study.

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

* E-mail: habj@unimelb.edu.au

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Actualidad Ultimas noticias - JANOes y agencias - La dificultad para desactivar regiones cerebrales podria explicar algunas enfermedades neurologicas - JANO.es - ELSEVIER: "NEUROLOGÍA
Actualidad Ultimas noticias - JANOes y agencias -
La dificultad para desactivar regiones cerebrales podría explicar algunas enfermedades neurológicas

JANO.es y agencias · 10 Agosto 2011 13:15


Un estudio del Idibell muestra que las regiones del cerebro que, en situación de reposo, están activas, se desactivan cuando la persona realiza alguna tarea emocional o cognitiva.

Las regiones del cerebro que, en situación de reposo, están activas, se desactivan cuando la persona realiza alguna tarea emocional o cognitiva, por lo que la alteración de estas zonas podría estar relacionada con patologías como la esquizofrenia, el trastorno obsesivo y compulsivo y la depresión.

Así se desprende de una investigación en psiquiatría del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (Idibell), cuyos resultados se han publicado en la revista PLoS ONE.

El estudio, realizado en 50 adultos sanos, demuestra mediante resonancias magnéticas funcionales que, cuando se lleva cabao una tarea que requiere más esfuerzo, la desactivación se extiende hasta la ínsula posterior, relacionada con la capacidad de sentirse corporal y visceralmente, lo que se da de forma constante en estado de reposo.

Según el investigador y coautor del estudio, Narcís Cardoner, el trabajo permite entender mejor esta red y, en un siguiente paso, estudiar si su funcionamiento alterado está vinculado a patologías como la esquizofrenia, la depresión y el alzheimer.

En enfermedades funcionales -que no presentan ninguna lesión- es probable que los pacientes tengan esta red alterada y tengan dificultades para desactivarla, de modo que 'aprender a regular o modular esta actividad podría ser una forma de mejorar algunas patologías', ha señalado Cardoner, aunque ha advertido que están al principio del camino.

El estudio se ha realizado en colaboración con el Melbourne Neuropsychiatric Center y con el grupo de Neuroimagen CRC-Mar.


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