Suggested citation for this article: Hogerwerf L, van den Brom R, Roest HIJ, Bouma A, Vellema P, Pieterse M, et al. Reduction of Coxiella burnetii prevalence by vaccination of goats and sheep, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Mar; [Epub ahead of print]
Reduction of Coxiella burnetii Prevalence by Vaccination of Goats and Sheep, the Netherlands
Lenny Hogerwerf, René van den Brom, Hendrik I.J. Roest, Annemarie Bouma, Piet Vellema, Maarten Pieterse, Daan Dercksen, and Mirjam Nielen
Author affiliations: Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L. Hogerwerf, A. Bouma, M. Pieterse, M. Nielen); Animal Health Service, Deventer, the Netherlands (R. van den Brom, P. Vellema, D. Dercksen); and Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, the Netherlands (H.I.J. Roest)
Recently, the number of human Q fever cases in the Netherlands increased dramatically. In response to this increase, dairy goats and dairy sheep were vaccinated against Coxiella burnetii. All pregnant dairy goats and dairy sheep in herds positive for Q fever were culled. We identified the effect of vaccination on bacterial shedding by small ruminants. On the day of culling, samples of uterine fluid, vaginal mucus, and milk were obtained from 1,034 pregnant animals in 13 herds. Prevalence and bacterial load were reduced in vaccinated animals compared with unvaccinated animals. These effects were most pronounced in animals during their first pregnancy. Results indicate that vaccination may reduce bacterial load in the environment and human exposure to C. burnetii.
Q fever, which is caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a worldwide zoonotic infectious disease, and ruminants are the main reservoir for human infections (1–3). Ruminant infections may occasionally result in abortions, which are associated with shedding of large amounts of bacteria in placentas and birth fluids (4). Human infections have been reported mainly in persons handling infected animals and their products (5–8). However, this disease has not been perceived as a major public health risk for the general population. In 2007, a major epidemic occurred in...
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http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/17/3/pdfs/10-1157.pdf?source=govdelivery
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