Cholestanol storage disease
- Synonyms
- Cerebral cholesterinosis, Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis, Van Bogaert-Scherer-Epstein Disease
Disease characteristics
Excerpted from the GeneReview:Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a lipid storage disease characterized by infantile-onset diarrhea, childhood-onset cataract, adolescent- to young adult-onset tendon xanthomas, and adult-onset progressive neurologic dysfunction (dementia, psychiatric disturbances, pyramidal and/or cerebellar signs, dystonia, atypical parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, and seizures). Chronic diarrhea from infancy may be the earliest clinical manifestation. In approximately 75% of affected individuals, cataracts are the first finding, often appearing in the first decade of life. Xanthomas appear in the second or third decade; they occur on the Achilles tendon, the extensor tendons of the elbow and hand, the patellar tendon, and the neck tendons. Xanthomas have been reported in the lung, bones, and central nervous system. Some individuals show mental impairment from early infancy, whereas the majority have normal or only slightly subnormal intellectual function until puberty; dementia with slow deterioration in intellectual abilities occurs in the 20s in more than 50% of individuals. Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as behavioral changes, hallucinations, agitation, aggression, depression, and suicide attempts may be prominent. Pyramidal signs (i.e., spasticity) and/or cerebellar signs almost invariably become evident between ages 20 and 30 years.
- Full text of GeneReview (by section):
- Summary
- Diagnosis
- Clinical Description
- Differential Diagnosis
- Management
- Genetic Counseling
- Resources
- Molecular Genetics
- References
- Chapter Notes
- Authors:
- Antonio Federico
- Maria Teresa Dotti
- Gian Nicola Gallus
- view full author information
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