Genetic Characterization of Clade 2.3.2.1 Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses, Indonesia, 2012.

Dharmayanti NL, Hartawan R; Pudjiatmoko, Wibawa H; Hardiman, Balish A, Donis R, Davis CT, Samaan G.

Abstract

After reports of unusually high mortality rates among ducks on farms in Java Island, Indonesia, in September 2012, influenza A(H5N1) viruses were detected and characterized. Sequence analyses revealed all genes clustered with contemporary clade 2.3.2.1 viruses, rather than enzootic clade 2.1.3 viruses, indicating the introduction of an exotic H5N1 clade into Indonesia.

KEYWORDS:

H5N1, Indonesia, evolution, geographic distribution, viruses, influenza virus, zoonoses, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, orthomyxovirus, outbreak, phylogenetics, surveillance, viral