Original Article
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Genetic Risk of Obesity
September 21, 2012DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1203039
- Abstract
- Article
- References
Background
Temporal increases in the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages have paralleled the rise in obesity prevalence, but whether the intake of such beverages interacts with the genetic predisposition to adiposity is unknown.Methods
We analyzed the interaction between genetic predisposition and the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in relation to body-mass index (BMI; the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) and obesity risk in 6934 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and in 4423 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and also in a replication cohort of 21,740 women from the Women's Genome Health Study (WGHS). The genetic-predisposition score was calculated on the basis of 32 BMI-associated loci. The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages was examined prospectively in relation to BMI.Results
In the NHS and HPFS cohorts, the genetic association with BMI was stronger among participants with higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages than among those with lower intake. In the combined cohorts, the increases in BMI per increment of 10 risk alleles were 1.00 for an intake of less than one serving per month, 1.12 for one to four servings per month, 1.38 for two to six servings per week, and 1.78 for one or more servings per day (P<0 .001=".001" 0.90="0.90" 1.01="1.01" 1.16="1.16" 1.19="1.19" 1.21="1.21" 1.28="1.28" 1.39="1.39" 1.40="1.40" 1.50="1.50" 1.54="1.54" 1.58="1.58" 1.59="1.59" 1.64="1.64" 1.66="1.66" 1.67="1.67" 1.90="1.90" 1.93="1.93" 1.94="1.94" 10="10" 15.5="15.5" 2.03="2.03" 2.16="2.16" 2.47="2.47" 2.53="2.53" 3.16="3.16" 4.92="4.92" 5.06="5.06" across="across" alleles="alleles" and="and" bmi="bmi" categories="categories" ci="ci" cohort="cohort" confidence="confidence" for="for" four="four" in="in" incident="incident" increases="increases" increment="increment" intake="intake" interaction="interaction" interval="interval" obesity="obesity" of="of" p="p" per="per" relative="relative" respectively="respectively" risk="risk" risks="risks" same="same" the="the" to="to" were="were" wghs="wghs">Conclusions
The genetic association with adiposity appeared to be more pronounced with greater intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)Supported by grants (DK091718, HL071981, HL073168, CA87969, CA49449, CA055075, HL34594, HL088521, U01HG004399, DK080140, 5P30DK46200, U54CA155626, DK58845, U01HG004728-02, EY015473, DK70756, and DK46200) from the National Institutes of Health, with additional support for genotyping from Merck Research Laboratories; an American Heart Association Scientist Development Award (0730094N, to Dr. L. Qi); and a Research to Prevent Blindness award and a Harvard Ophthalmology Scholar Award (both to Dr. Pasquale) from the Harvard Glaucoma Center of Excellence. The WGHS is supported by grants (HL043851, HL69757, and CA047988) from the National Institutes of Health, with collaborative scientific support and funding for genotyping provided by Amgen. Dr. Ridker reports receiving consulting fees from Genzyme, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Vascular Biogenics, Merck, and Abbott and grant support to his institution from Novartis and AstraZeneca and being listed as a co-inventor on patents held by his institution that relate to the use of inflammatory biomarkers in cardiovascular disease and diabetes (patent and royalty payments are received by Brigham and Women's Hospital); Dr. Hu, receiving consulting fees from Novo Nordisk and grant support to his institution from Merck and the California Walnut Commission; and Dr. L. Qi, receiving lecture fees from Kellogg. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org. This article was published on September 21, 2012, at NEJM.org. We thank Ms. Lynda M. Rose for assistance with statistical programming; and all the participants of the NHS, the HPFS, and the WGHS for their continued cooperation.Source Information
From the Departments of Nutrition (Q.Q., M.K.J., D.J.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.) and Epidemiology (G.C.C., D.J.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., F.B.H.), Harvard School of Public Health; and the Divisions of Preventive Medicine (A.Y.C., P.M.R., D.I.C.), Cardiovascular Disease (P.M.R.), and Genetics (D.I.C.), and the Channing Division of Network Medicine (J.H.K., G.C.C., L.R.P., D.J.H., W.C.W., E.B.R., F.B.H., L.Q.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; and the Department of Ophthalmology (L.R.P.), Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School — all in Boston. Address reprint requests to Dr. Lu Qi at the Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, or at nhlqi@channing.harvard.edu.
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