Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are the broad range of neurodevelopmental and physical effects that result from prenatal exposure to alcohol. People with FASD may have facial abnormalities and growth impairments, but the most profound effects are cognitive and behavioral deficits. These deficits can contribute to lifelong learning disabilities, poor social skills, and other problems that impact daily functioning (e.g., living independently or holding a job), as well as overall health and well-being. A significant public health problem, FASD affect an estimated 1 to 5 percent of first-grade children in the United States, according to a 2018 NIAAA-supported study conducted by the Collaboration on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevalence (CoFASP) and published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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