02/28/2014 12:49 PM EST
Related MedlinePlus Page: Parkinson's Disease
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National Institutes of HealthParkinson's disease (PD) is a type of movement disorder. It happens when nerve cells in the brain don't produce enough of a brain chemical called dopamine. Sometimes it is genetic, but most cases do not seem to run in families. Exposure to chemicals in the environment might play a role.
Symptoms begin gradually, often on one side of the body. Later they affect both sides. They include
- Trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw and face
- Stiffness of the arms, legs and trunk
- Slowness of movement
- Poor balance and coordination
As symptoms get worse, people with the disease may have trouble walking, talking, or doing simple tasks. They may also have problems such as depression, sleep problems, or trouble chewing, swallowing, or speaking.
There is no lab test for PD, so it can be difficult to diagnose. Doctors use a medical history and a neurological examination to diagnose it.
PD usually begins around age 60, but it can start earlier. It is more common in men than in women. There is no cure for PD. A variety of medicines sometimes help symptoms dramatically. Surgery and deep brain stimulation (DBS) can help severe cases. With DBS, electrodes are surgically implanted in the brain. They send electrical pulses to stimulate the parts of the brain that control movement.
NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA
National Institutes of Health
- The primary NIH organization for research on Parkinson's Disease is the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Languages
- Arabic (العربية)
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- Chinese - Traditional (繁體中文)
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Start Here
- Parkinson's Disease
- Parkinson's Disease
(Patient Education Institute)
- Also available in Spanish
- Parkinson's Disease
Overviews
- Parkinson's Disease(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- Parkinson's Disease
- Parkinson's Disease: Hope through Research
- Also available in Spanish
- What Is Parkinson's Disease?(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
Latest News
- More Pesticides Linked to Parkinson's Risk(02/03/2014, HealthDay)
- Vitamin D Levels Linked to Parkinson's Symptoms(01/22/2014, HealthDay)
- Gene Therapy May Hold Promise for Advanced Parkinson's Disease(01/10/2014, HealthDay)
- More News on Parkinson's Disease
Diagnosis/Symptoms
- How Does Your Doctor Make a PD Diagnosis?(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.)
- Symptoms of Parkinson's(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
Treatment
- Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease
- Also available in Spanish
- Generic vs. Branded Drugs for Parkinson's Disease(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.)
- How Is Parkinson's Disease Treated?(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.)
- Parkinson Disease Treatment Options - Education, Support, and Therapy (Beyond the Basics)(UpToDate)
- Parkinson Disease Treatment Options - Medications (Beyond the Basics)(UpToDate)
- Parkinson Disease: Treating Symptoms Unrelated to Muscle Movement(American Academy of Neurology) - PDF
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- Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease
Alternative Therapy
- Complementary Treatment(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.)
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Nutrition
- Nutrition and Parkinson's Disease: What Matters Most?(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- Also available in Spanish
- What Are Some Common Nutritional Concerns for People with PD?(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.)
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Coping
- Advice for the Newly Diagnosed(Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research)
- Coping with a Diagnosis(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
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Disease Management
- Living with Parkinson's(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- Managing Advanced Parkinson Disease(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.) - PDF
- Managing Your Parkinson's Disease(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
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Specific Conditions
- Young-Onset Parkinson's(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.)
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Related Issues
- Activities of Daily Living(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.)
- Can You Have Parkinsonism without Having PD?(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.)
- Caring for Someone with Parkinson's Disease(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.)
- Cognitive Changes(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.) - PDF
- Coping with Symptoms(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- Depression and Parkinson's Disease
- Also available in Spanish
- Driving When You Have Parkinson's Disease(National Highway Traffic Safety Administration)
- Gambling, Sex, and…Parkinson's Disease?(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- Also available in Spanish
- Orthostatic Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure) and Parkinson's Disease(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- Pain in Parkinson's Disease(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- Parkinson's Disease Dementia(Alzheimer's Association)
- Parkinson's Disease: Speech and Swallowing(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.)
- Parkinson's Onboard: Traveling with PD(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.) - PDF
- Parkinsonism: Causes and Coping Strategies(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- Progression of Parkinson's Disease(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- What Causes Parkinson's?(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
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Tutorials
- Parkinson's Disease
(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
- Parkinson's Disease(Patient Education Institute)
- Also available in Spanish
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- Parkinson's Disease
Videos
- Parkinson's disease - Encyclopedia
- Also available in Spanish
- Parkinson's Disease Videos(National Parkinson Foundation, Inc.)
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Anatomy/Physiology
- Life and Death of a Neuron
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- Life and Death of a Neuron
Financial Issues
- Government Benefits(Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research)
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Clinical Trials
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Parkinson Disease
- NIH Exploratory Trials in Parkinson's Disease (NET-PD)
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- ClinicalTrials.gov: Parkinson Disease
Genetics
- Genetics Home Reference: Parkinson disease
- Learning about Parkinson's Disease
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- Genetics Home Reference: Parkinson disease
Research
- Ability to Consent to Parkinson Disease Research(American Academy of Neurology) -PDF
- Another Link Between Pesticides and Parkinson's Disease(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- Fatigue in Women with Parkinson's Disease(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- Investigational Drug May Reduce "Off" Time in Parkinson's(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- Monster Mash: Protein Folding Gone Wrong
- Parkinson's Disease
- Parkinson's Disease Research Web - Information for Patients and Caregivers
- Predicting Dementia in Early Parkinson's Disease(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- Predicting Disability in Newly Diagnosed Parkinson's Disease(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
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Journal Articles
References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)- Article: ACP Journal Club. At 10 years, 55% of patients with...
- Article: An update on Parkinson's disease: improving patient outcomes.
- Article: James Parkinson: Parkinson's disease.
- Article: Survey reveals discrimination faced by individuals with Parkinson's.
- Article: Effect of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on driving in...
- Article: James Parkinson: Parkinson's disease.
- Article: Journal Club. Default-mode network connectivity in cognitively unimpaired patients with...
- Article: Surgical management of airway dysfunction in Parkinson's disease compared with...
- Article: 60 seconds with Jenny Wright.
- Article: ACP Journal Club. At 10 years, 55% of patients with...
- Article: Exercising improves walking speed for people with Parkinson's.
- Article: Journal Club. Default-mode network connectivity in cognitively unimpaired patients with...
- Article: 60 seconds with Jenny Wright.
- Article: James Parkinson: Parkinson's disease.
- Article: Parkinson disease in the elderly adult.
- Article: Relation of lead trajectory and electrode position to neuropsychological outcomes...
- Parkinson's Disease -- see more articles
- Causes of Parkinson's disease -- see more articles
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Dictionaries/Glossaries
- Parkinson's Disease Glossary(Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research)
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Organizations
Newsletters/Print Publications
- Parkinson's Disease Foundation Newsletter(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
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Law and Policy
- Navigating Financial, Legal and Employment Issues(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
- Understanding Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: Look Before Leaping(Parkinson's Disease Foundation)
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MedlinePlus Magazine
- Dream Robber: Living with Parkinson's Disease
Living Well with Parkinson's Disease Is an Art
- Parkinson's Disease: The Newest Advances
- Unraveling Parkinson's: Three Clues
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- Dream Robber: Living with Parkinson's Disease
Children
- Parkinson's Disease(Nemours Foundation)
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Seniors
- Parkinson's Disease
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- Parkinson's Disease
Patient Handouts
- Brain PET scan
- Also available in Spanish
- Brain surgery
- Also available in Spanish
- Brain surgery - discharge
- Also available in Spanish
- Deep brain stimulation
- Also available in Spanish
- Parkinson's disease
- Also available in Spanish
- Secondary parkinsonism
- Also available in Spanish
- Swallowing problems
- Also available in Spanish
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