11/25/2013 04:43 PM EST
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Related MedlinePlus Page: Native American Health
Related MedlinePlus Page: Native American Health
American Indian & Alaska Native Populations
On This Page
American Indian/Alaska Native
American Indians and Alaska Natives are people having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment.
The American Indian and Alaska Native population includes people who marked the “American Indian or Alaska Native” checkbox or reported entries such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup’ik, or Central American Indian groups or South American Indian groups.
There are 565 Federally-recognized tribes
plus an unknown number of tribes that are not Federally-recognized. Each tribe has its own culture, beliefs, and practices. According to U.S. Census Bureau in 2010, there were roughly 5.2 million American Indians and Alaska Natives living in the U.S., representing approximately 1.7% of the U.S. total population.
The projected U.S. population of American Indians and Alaska Natives for July 1, 2050 is estimated to reach 8.6 million, constituting approximately 2% of the U.S. population by that date.
In the 2010 U.S. Census, tribal groupings with 100,000 or more responses were: Cherokee (819,105), Navajo (332,129), Choctaw (195,764), Mexican American Indian (175,494), Chippewa (170,742), Sioux (170,110), Apache (111,810), and Blackfeet (105,304).
In 2010, there were 15 states with more than 100,000 American Indian and Alaska Native residents.
In 2010, the state with the largest American Indian and Alaska Native population was California (723,225), followed by Oklahoma (482,760) and Arizona (353,386). The state with the highest percentage of American Indian and Alaska Native population was Alaska (19.5%).
The percentage of American Indians and Alaska Natives who lacked health insurance in 2010 was 29.2%.For more information, see:
US Census Bureau, 2011 Facts for Features:
American Indian and Alaska Native Heritage Month: November, 2011
US Census Bureau, 2010 Census Briefs:
The American Indian & Alaska Native Population: 2010
issued January, 2012US Census Bureau, American Indian and Alaska Native
Census 2010
US Census Bureau, Current Population Reports:
Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the US: 2010
issued September, 2011US Census Bureau, 2010 Census Briefs:
Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010
US Office of Management and Budget (OMB):
OMB Bulletin Guidance on Aggregation and Allocation of Data on Race
10 Leading Causes of Death
for American Indians/Alaska Natives in 2009:
1. Heart Disease
2. Cancer
3. Unintentional Injuries
4. Diabetes
5. Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis
Other Important Health Issues for American Indians/Alaska Natives
- The following are examples of conditions and risk factors that may disproportionately affect some American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) subgroups:
Teen Pregnancy - Vital Signs
- Data Brief
- Fast Stats
- Infant Mortality
- SUID & SIDS
- Parents & Caregivers
- Infants & Toddlers (Ages 0-3)
- Data Brief
- Fast Stats
- HIV/AIDS
- HIV/AIDS Among AI/AN
- Feature
- Fast Stats
Contributing Factors to Health Disparities Among American Indian/Alaska Native Populations
AI/ANs have a unique relationship with the federal government due to historic conflict and subsequent treaties. Tribes exist as sovereign entities, but federally recognized tribes are entitled to health and educational services provided by the federal government.
Though the Indian Health Service (IHS)
is charged with serving the health needs of these populations, more than half of AI/ANs do not permanently reside on a reservation, and therefore have limited or no access to IHS services.Geographic isolation, economic factors, and suspicion toward traditional spiritual beliefs are some of the reasons why health among AI/ANs is poorer than other groups. Other factors that contribute to poorer health outcomes for AI/ANs include cultural barriers, geographic isolation, inadequate sewage disposal, and economic factors.
Examples of Important Health Disparities
CDC Health Disparities & Inequalities Report The CDC Health Disparities & Inequalities Report - United States, 2011 (CHDIR), provides analysis and reporting of recent trends and ongoing variations in health disparities and inequalities in selected social and health indicators—important steps in encouraging actions and facilitating accountability to reduce modifiable disparities through applying interventions that are effective and scalable.Examples of important health disparities noted in the CHDIR:
- In 2006, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) mothers had the second highest infant death rate compared with other mothers. The AI/AN infant death rate was second to the rate among African American mothers and 48.4% greater than the rate among white mothers.
- In 2007, AI/AN populations (combined) had the highest rate of motor vehicle-related deaths, one of the highest rates of suicides, and the second highest death rate due to drugs (includes illicit, prescription, and over-the-counter) compared with other racial/ethnic populations.
- In 2009, AI/AN adults were among those with the highest prevalences of binge drinking, one of the highest number of binge drinking episodes per individual, and the highest number of drinks consumed during binge drinking.
- In 2008, the AI/AN birth rate among females 10-19 years of age was the third highest (following African Americans and Hispanics).
- In 2009, both AI/AN youth aged 12-17 years and AI/AN adults aged 18 years or older had the highest prevalences of current smoking compared with other racial/ethnic populations.
- In 2009, the prevalence of AI/AN adults aged 18 years and older who did not complete high school represented the second largest prevalence--second to the prevalence among Hispanics and similar to prevalence among African Americans. The prevalence among AI/AN adults was 127.3% larger than the prevalence among white adults.
- In 2009, the percentage of AI/AN adults living in poverty was among the largest compared with other racial/ethnic groups (and was similar to percentages among African Americans and Hispanics). Twelve percent more AI/AN adults lived below the federal poverty level, as compared with white adults.
- In 2009, AI/AN adults who owned or rented housing more often lived in inadequate and unhealthy housing compared with white adult householders. The percentage of AI/AN adult householders living in inadequate housing was similar to percentages among African American and Hispanics. These populations had the largest percentages living in inadequate housing compared with other racial/ethnic populations.
- In 2008, the percentage of AI/AN adults aged 50 years and older who received colorectal screening was 9% less than the percentage of white adults screened.
For more information, see:
Mortality Rates by Race/Ethnicity
, Health, U.S., 2011, Table 24
Healthy PeopleNCHS Healthy People 2010 Final Review (2010)
NCHS Healthy People 2010 AI/AN Snapshot (2010)
CDC Wonder, Data 2010: the Healthy People 2010 Database
Healthy People 2020
Healthy People 2020 Brochure
NCHS Healthy People 2020 Summary
Health Statistics
Additional Resources from:
CDC's National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
Health of AI/AN Population Fast Stats
Health Data Interactive
Health, United States, 2011
American Indian or Alaska Native Population
Leading Causes of Death by Race / Ethnicity, Table 26
Injury
HHS, Office of Minority Health (OMH)
American Indian/Alaska Native Profile
U.S. Census Bureau
Facts for Features: AI/AN Heritage Month2011
AI/AN Census 2010
The AI/AN Population: 2010 Census Brief
Government Resources
- CDC
- Office of Minority Health & Health Equity (OMHHE)
- Office for State, Tribal, Local & Territorial Support (OSTLTS)
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP)
- National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH)
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP)
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC)
- National Immunization Program (NIP)
- Public Health Grand Rounds
- Campaigns & Initiatives for American Indians
- Colleges & Universities
- American Indian and Alaska Native Health Research Advisory Council (HRAC)
- National Minority Mental Health Awareness Month
Other Resources
Please Note: Links to non-Federal organizations found at this site are provided solely as a service to our users. These links do not constitute an endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the Federal Government, and none should be inferred. The CDC is not responsible for the content of the individual organization Web pages found at these links.
- American Indian Science & Engineering Society (AISES)
- American Cancer Society (ACS)
- American Diabetes Association (ADA) Native American Programs
- American Heart Association (AHA)
- American Lung Association (ALA)
- Circle of Life - HIV/AIDS/STI Prevention Curriculum for AI/AN Youth
- Kaiser Foundation Issue Brief: Urban Indian Health
- National Indan Council on Aging (NICOA)
- National Native American AIDS Prevention Center (NNAAPC)
- National SUID/SIDS Resource Center (NSSRC)
- Tribal Connections
Funding
Each year, the CDC awards approximately $7 billion in over 14,000 separate grant and contract actions, including simplified acquisitions.
CDC's Procurement and Grants Office (PGO) website provides information on grants and business opportunities with the CDC.
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