miércoles, 1 de julio de 2015

CDC - Malaria - Travelers - Malaria Information and Prophylaxis, by Country

CDC - Malaria - Travelers - Malaria Information and Prophylaxis, by Country



Malaria Information and Prophylaxis, by Country [A]

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CountryAreas with MalariaEstimated relative risk of Malaria for US Travelers2Drug Resistance3Malaria Species4Recommended Chemoprophlaxis5Key Information Needed and Helpful Links to Assess Need for Prophylaxis for Select Countries
AfghanistanApril–December in all areas at altitudes below 2,500 m (8,202 ft).High6ChloroquineP. vivax 80-90%
P. falciparum 10-20%
Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine
AlbaniaNoneNoneNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable
AlgeriaRare indigenous casesNo informationChloroquineP. falciparum, P. vivaxMosquito avoidance only.
American Samoa (U.S.)NoneNoneNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable
AndorraNoneNoneNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable
AngolaAllHighChloroquineP. falciparum 90%
P. ovale 5%
P. vivax 5%
Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine
Anguilla (U.K.)NoneNoneNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable
AntarcticaNoneNoneNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable
Antigua and BarbudaNoneNoneNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable
ArgentinaNoneNoneNot applicableNot applicableNot applicable
ArmeniaNoneNoneNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable
ArubaNoneNoneNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable
AustraliaNoneNoneNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable
AustriaNoneNoneNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable
AzerbaijanMay–October in rural areas below 1,500 m (4,921 ft). None in Baku.Very LowNoneP. vivax 100%Mosquito avoidance only
Azores (Portugal)NoneNoneNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable
  1. The information presented herein was accurate at the time of publication; however, factors that can change rapidly and from year to year, such as local weather conditions, mosquito vector density, and prevalence of infection, can markedly affect local malaria transmission patterns.
  2. This estimate of risk is based on numbers of cases of malaria reported in US travelers and the estimated volume of travel to these countries. In some instances the risk may be low because the actual intensity of transmission is low in that country. In other instances, significant malaria transmission may occur only in small focal areas of the country where US travelers seldom go. Thus even though the risk for the average traveler to that country may be low, the risk for the rare traveler going to the areas with higher transmission intensity will of course be higher. For some countries that are rarely visited by US travelers, there is insufficient information to make a risk estimate.
  3. Refers to P. falciparum malaria unless otherwise noted.
  4. Estimates of malaria species are based on best available data from multiple sources.
  5. Several medications are available for chemoprophylaxis. When deciding which drug to use, consider specific itinerary, length of trip, cost of drug, previous adverse reactions to antimalarials, drug allergies, and current medical history. All travelers should seek medical attention in the event of fever during or after return from travel to areas with malaria.
  6. This risk estimate is based largely on cases occurring in US military personnel who travel for extended periods of time with unique itineraries that likely do not reflect the risk for the average US traveler.
  7. Primaquine can cause hemolytic anemia in persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Patients must be screened for G6PD deficiency prior to starting primaquine.

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