National Kidney and Urologic Diseases
Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC)

A service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Urologic Diseases Research Updates
Winter 2013

Photograph of a urodynamic testing machine

Photo courtesy of the Women’s
Health and Education Center

Bladder Tests before Urinary Incontinence Surgery in Women May Be Unnecessary

NIH-funded Study Finds Pre-operative Office Visit Alone Sufficient for Comparable Outcomes
From NIH News
An invasive and costly test commonly done in women before surgery for stress urinary incontinence may not be necessary, according to a study funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The study compared results after both a pre-operative checkup in a doctor’s office and bladder function tests to results after only the office checkup. Women who had only the office checkup had equally successful outcomes after surgery.
Results of the study, done by researchers in the Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network (UITN), are published in the May 24, 2012, New England Journal of Medicine.
Urinary incontinence is conservatively estimated to affect 13 million Americans, most of them women. Stress urinary incontinence occurs when the bladder leaks urine when a person coughs, laughs, sneezes, or exercises. The stress refers to pressure on the bladder, not emotional stress. Strong pelvic and sphincter muscles can handle the extra pressure from a cough or other sources of stress, but when these muscles are weak, sudden pressure can push urine out of the bladder. Among other causes, childbirth can injure or weaken the nerves, muscles, and structures that help support the bladder in women.
“Bladder function tests are often performed before surgery in women who demonstrate stress incontinence upon office evaluation,” said study lead author Charles W. Nager, M.D., director of urogynecology and reconstructive pelvic surgery at the University of California, San Diego. “The findings of our study argue against routine pre-operative testing in cases of uncomplicated stress urinary incontinence, as the tests provide no added benefit for surgical treatment success but are expensive, uncomfortable, and may result in complications such as urinary tract infections.”
Called urodynamic studies, bladder function tests help assess how well the bladder, sphincter muscles, and urethra—the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body—store and release urine. Since some of the tests involve the insertion of catheters and filling the bladder until full, many women find them uncomfortable or, in some cases, painful. The average cost is roughly $500.
The multicenter clinical trial tested the benefits of urodynamics to improve outcomes 1 year after surgery for predominantly stress urinary incontinence. Treatment success was defined as a patient reporting on a questionnaire that her urinary distress had been reduced by 70 percent or more, as well as reporting that her urinary tract condition had improved “much” or “very much.”
In the study, half of 630 women with uncomplicated stress urinary incontinence had a pre-operative office checkup and bladder function testing. The other half had only an office checkup. Treatment success was similar in both groups, 76.9 percent versus 77.2 percent, respectively, with no significant differences in quality of life, patient satisfaction, or voiding dysfunction—an inability to empty the bladder completely.
The UITN is a group of NIH-funded U.S. urologists and urogynecologists who research treatments for urinary incontinence. Learn more about the UITN at www.uitn.net

and incontinence at kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/uiwomen/index.aspx.
The UITN study was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, both components of the NIH. For more information on the study, visit www.ClinicalTrials.gov and enter keyword NCT00803959.

[Top] [Next Article]

NIH Publication No. 13–5743
January 2013
Page last updated January 31, 2013