Enriched gestation activates the IGF pathway to evoke embryo-adult benefits to prevent Alzheimer’s disease

Enjie Liu†,
Qiuzhi Zhou†,
Ao-Ji Xie,
Mengzhu Li,
Shujuan Zhang,
Hezhou Huang,
Zhenyu Liuyang,
Yali Wang,
Bingjin Liu,
Xiaoguang Li,
Dongsheng Sun,
Yuping Wei,
Xiaochuan Wang,
Qun Wang,
Dan Ke,
Xifei Yang,
Ying YangEmail author and
Jian-Zhi WangEmail author

†Contributed equally

Translational Neurodegeneration20198:8

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-019-0149-9

Received: 25 October 2018
Accepted: 15 February 2019
Published: 5 March 2019

Abstract

Background

Building brain reserves before dementia onset could represent a promising strategy to prevent Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while how to initiate early cognitive stimulation is unclear. Given that the immature brain is more sensitive to environmental stimuli and that brain dynamics decrease with ageing, we reasoned that it would be effective to initiate cognitive stimulation against AD as early as the fetal period.

Methods

After conception, maternal AD transgenic mice (3 × Tg AD) were exposed to gestational environment enrichment (GEE) until the day of delivery. The cognitive capacity of the offspring was assessed by the Morris water maze and contextual fear-conditioning tests when the offspring were raised in a standard environment to 7 months of age. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, electrophysiology, Golgi staining, activity assays and sandwich ELISA were employed to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of GEE on embryos and 7–10-month-old adult offspring.

Results

We found that GEE markedly preserved synaptic plasticity and memory capacity with amelioration of hallmark pathologies in 7–10-m-old AD offspring. The beneficial effects of GEE were accompanied by global histone hyperacetylation, including those at bdnf promoter-binding regions, with robust BDNF mRNA and protein expression in both embryo and progeny hippocampus. GEE increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and activated its receptor (IGF1R), which phosphorylates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV) at tyrosine sites and triggers its nuclear translocation, subsequently upregulating histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and BDNF transcription. The upregulation of IGF1 mimicked the effects of GEE, while IGF1R or HAT inhibition during pregnancy abolished the GEE-induced CaMKIV-dependent histone hyperacetylation and BDNF upregulation.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that activation of IGF1R/CaMKIV/HAT/BDNF signaling by gestational environment enrichment may serve as a promising strategy to delay AD progression.