U.S. Teen Birth Rate Plummets: Report

Since 1991, rate has dropped by nearly half, health officials find

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Thursday, May 23, 2013

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THURSDAY, May 23 (HealthDay News) -- Teen birth rates in the United States are dropping sharply, especially among Hispanic teens, according to a new government report.
Overall, the rate of birth among teens aged 15 to 19 dropped by nearly one half from 1991 to 2011 -- from about 62 births for every 1,000 teens to 31 births for every 1,000.
From 2007 to 2011, the most recent time period studied, rates fell 25 percent, from 41.5 to about 31.
During that time, rates fell at least 30 percent in seven states, and Arizona and Utah each saw a 35 percent drop, said Brady Hamilton, a statistician at the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics and a co-author of the report, which was released Thursday.
All but two states -- North Dakota and West Virginia -- reported drops of at least 15 percent, the researchers found. They tracked live births, not pregnancies.
"It's good news," Hamilton said. "But it shows there is still much that needs to be examined and done."
When Hamilton's team looked at birth rates by ethnicity, the decline was steepest for Hispanics, with drops averaging 34 percent overall during the 2007 to 2011 period. In the past, Hispanic teens had a higher birth rate: In 2007, for instance, their rate was 21 percent higher than that of black teens. By 2011, the rate for Hispanic teens was just 4 percent higher.
In the most recent period studied, birth rates for black teens declined 24 percent, while white teens showed a 20 percent drop.
"There are still areas where teen births are high and that needs to be examined in greater detail," Hamilton said. State policymakers, for instance, could use the information to address changes to their education programs.
The largest declines typically were found in the Southeast, Mountain and Pacific states, as well as the upper Midwest.
The study did not get into the reasons for the decline. However, experts attribute the declines to strong teen-pregnancy-prevention messages, increased use of birth control with the first sexual experience and the use of dual contraceptive methods, such as condoms plus the pill.
The report is a reason to cheer but not to think the problem is solved, said one expert not involved in the study. The new finding "underscores the remarkable progress this nation has made," said Bill Albert, chief program officer of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C.
As good as the progress is, Albert said, it's important to realize that "our rates are still higher than in other countries."
For instance, the teen birth rate in Japan is 4.9 per 1,000, according to United Nations data from 2009 to 2010. In the Netherlands, it's 5.3 -- about six times lower than in the United States.
Albert believes many factors explain the decline in teen birth rates. "These rates have been driven down by the magic combination of less sex and more contraception," Albert said. More teens are delaying sex, he said, persuaded by sex education or parents, and more are using birth control.
The peer effect plays a role, he said. When teens hear that their friends are delaying sex or using birth control, it influences them.
Then there is the "MTV effect." Programs that depict teen moms show the difficulties of pregnancy and parenthood, Albert said.
"They really do show the challenges of early pregnancy and parenthood," he said. His organization has commissioned surveys to ask teens what they think of these shows. "The overwhelming majority say these shows are sobering, not salacious," he said.
Efforts to reduce teen births must continue, Albert said, or rates will surely go up again.

SOURCES: Brady Hamilton, Ph.D., statistician, U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Md.; Bill Albert, chief program officer, National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, Washington, D.C.; May 2013, National Center for Health Statistics data brief, Declines in State Teen Birth Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin

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