Threat Report 2013 | Antimicrobial Resistance | CDC

Threat Report 2013 | Antimicrobial Resistance | CDC

Antibiotic Resistance, Genomics & Public Health

CDC information: Antibiotics aren't always the answer
Exploiting genomics, genetics & chemistry to combat antibiotic resistance. Nature Reviews Genetics
Coping with antibiotic resistance: contributions from genomics.
Gian Maria Rossolini et al. Genome Medicine (2010)
Genomics research: The underpinning of infectious disease prevention and control strategies.
Public Health Genomics special issue (2013)
CDC information: Antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance
CDC report: Antibiotic resistance 2013

Threat Report 2013

This report, Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013 gives a first-ever snapshot of the burden and threats posed by the antibiotic-resistant germs having the most impact on human health. 
Each year in the United States, at least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people die each year as a direct result of these infections. Many more people die from other conditions that were complicated by an antibiotic-resistant infection.
Antibiotic-resistant infections can happen anywhere. Data show that most happen in the general community; however, most deaths related to antibiotic resistance happen in healthcare settings such as hospitals and nursing homes.

What's in the Report

Foreword  [page 5]

Executive Summary  [page 6]

Section 1: The Threat of Antibiotic Resistance  [page 11]

• Introduction  [page 11]
• National Summary Data  [page 13]
• Cycle of Resistance Infographics  [page 14]
  
• Minimum Estimates of Morbidity and Mortality from
  Antibiotic-Resistant Infections  [page 15]
• Limitations of Estimating the Burden of Disease Associated
  with Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria  [page 18]
• Assessment of Domestic Antibiotic-Resistant Threats  [page 20]
• Running Out of Drugs to Treat Serious Gram-Negative Infections  [page 22]
• People at Especially High Risk  [page 24]
• Antibiotic Safety  [page 25]
• Gaps in Knowledge of Antibiotic Resistance  [page 27]
• Developing Resistance: Timeline of Key Antibiotic Resistance Events  [page 28]

Section 2: Fighting Back Against Antibiotic Resistance  [page 31]

Four Core Actions to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance  [page 31]

• 1. Preventing Infections, Preventing the Spread of Resistance  [page 32]
  • •CDC's Work to Prevent Infections and Antibiotic Resistance
    in Healthcare Settings  [page 32]
  • • CDC's Work to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance in the Community  [page 34]
  • • CDC's Work to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance in Food  [page 36]

• 2. Tracking Resistance Patterns  [page 39]
• 3. Antibiotic Stewardship: Improving Prescribing, Improving Use  [page 41]
• 4. Developing New Antibiotics and Diagnostic Tests  [page 44]

Section 3: Current Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States,
by Microorganism  [page 49]

Microorganisms with a Threat Level of Urgent

• 

  
  

  • Clostridium difficile  [page 51]

• 

  
  

  • Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae  [page 53]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae  [page 55]

Microorganisms with a Threat Level of Serious

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  • Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter  [page 59]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant Campylobacter  [page 61]

• 

  
  

  • Fluconazole-resistant Candida (a fungus)  [page 63]

• 

  
  

  • Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing
    Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLs)  [page 65]

• 

  
  

  • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).  [page 67]

• 

  
  

  • Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa   [page 69]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella  [page 71]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi  [page 73]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant Shigella  [page 75]

• 

  
  

  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)  [page 77]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae  [page 79]

• 

  
  

  • Drug-resistant tuberculosis  [page 81]

Microorganisms with a Threat Level of Concerning

• 

  
  

  • Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)  [page 85]

• 

  
  

  • Erythromycin-resistant Group A Streptococcus  [page 87]

• 

  
  

  • Clindamycin-resistant Group B Streptococcus  [page 89]

Technical Appendix  [page 93]

Glossary  [page 107]

Acknowledgements  [page 112]

Download the 2013 Report now »  [PDF - 114 pages 4.18mb]

Related Links

• CDC Feature: Untreatable: Today’s drug resistance health threats
• CDC Press Release: Untreatable: Report by CDC details today’s drug-resistant health threats Landmark report ranks superbugs, outlines four core actions to halt resistance
• Digital Press Kit: Untreatable: Today’s Drug-Resistant Health Threats
• CDC Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance Website
• Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance
• CDC Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work
• CDC Get Smart for Healthcare