Medical News | Medical Articles: Stanford scientists complete first global census of cell surface proteins

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Stanford scientists complete first global census of cell surface proteins   Stanford scientists have completed the first global census of diverse proteins sprouting tree-like from the outer membrane of a cell. These cell surface proteins govern how cells interact with one another and how they assemble into tissues and organs such as hearts and brains.

Importance of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Disease and Immunity   Microglia are a form of tissue specific macrophage. In the central nervous system, they are one of the primary forms of immune defense. Microglia are of increasing interest to researchers studying neurodegenerative disease and development of drugs.   Learn More           Immunologists discover new RIPK1 mechanism that leads to cell death   Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have discovered a new way that the molecule RIPK1 leads to cell death in infected, damaged or unwanted cells showing that more than one mechanism can trigger the process.         Cell adhesion essential for cells to survive stress   Cell-to-cell contacts are necessary for the survival of human cells under protein-damaging conditions and stress.

Study uncovers how rice blast fungus uses its own cell wall to launch an attack   In response to environmental changes and nutrient starvation, cells are known to undergo extreme alterations. This includes switching from one type to another (“differentiation”) and changes in metabolic pathways (“metabolic switching”).       How to Analyze Cell-Nanoparticle Interactions   The study of cell-nanoparticle interactions is vital for researchers specializing in the fields of nanomedicine and nanotoxicology. In nanotoxicology, the quantity of nanoparticles internalized by the cells or attached to the external surfaces of cells, regulate the toxic profile of those particles.       Discovery of cellular 'hands' could have implications in the fields of cell, developmental biology   The protein, called syndecan-4, combines with fellow cell membrane proteins, called integrins, to form protruding 'hands' that sense the environment outside the cell.       Extremely low concentrations of acetic acid could alter cellular processes in rice blast fungus   All living organisms respond and adapt to changes in their environment. These responses are sometimes so significant that they cause alterations in the internal metabolic cycles of the organism--a process called "metabolic switching." For example, rice blast fungus--a pathogenic fungal species that causes the "rice blast" infection in rice crops--switches to the "glyoxylate cycle" when the nutrient source starts to deplete.

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