jueves 31 de julio de 2011
CIENCIAS MÉDICAS NEWS
CIENCIAS MÉDICAS APLICADAS
RESEARCH & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
domingo 31 de julio de 2011
EL BIRUNI: DIRECTORIO DE DOCUMENTOS EDITADOS EN JULIO 2011 [*]
GRUPO DE BLOGS SALUD EQUITATIVA
► Iniciado en enero de 2009:
http://elbiruniblogspotcom.blogspot.com/
▲ CIENCIAS MÉDICAS NEWS
► Iniciado en abril de 2008:
http://saludequitativa.blogspot.com/
▲ GESTIÓN EN SALUD PÚBLICA
► Iniciado en enero de 2009:
http://herenciageneticayenfermedad.blogspot.com/
▲ CIENCIAS DE LA HERENCIA
Consultas acumuladas desde enero 2009 a la fecha: 397.957
Consultas totales conjuntas (todos los blogs): 1.861.791
Páginas consultadas desde el inicio de los blogs (3): 18,1 millones
Discriminadas como sigue:
1. ESTADOS UNIDOS DE NORTEAMÉRICA: 72.006 [18,1%]
2. ARGENTINA: 52.574 [13,2%]
3. ESPAÑA: 49.320 [12,4%]
4. MÉXICO: 47.011 [11,8%]
5. COLOMBIA: 20.383 [ 5,1%]
6. PERÚ: 18.402 [ 4,6%]
7. VENEZUELA: 17.446 [ 4,4%]
8. CHILE: 12.144 [ 3,1%]
9. ECUADOR: 8.237 [ 2,1%]
10. INDIA.: 7.015 [ 1,8%]
11. LOS DEMÁS: 93.419 [23,5%]
Total de consultas: 397.957
Documentos del mes de JULIO 2011: 765
Documentos acumulados en 2011: 4.832
Documentos editados desde el inicio del blog: 15.647
MUESTRA ESTADÍSTICA (de un día): (al 31 de JULIO de 2011)
Páginas vistas por países (según estadísticas Google):
Estados Unidos 3.688
Alemania 932
Francia 409
Canadá 251
Eslovenia 241
Noruega 236
México 186
Rusia 163
Argentina 143
Ucrania 136
Google indica que, en un tercio del lapso monitoreado por Motigo, registran ►
Páginas vistas en el último mes 40.771
Páginas vistas (historial completo) 524.280
Archivo del blog
▼ 2011 (4832)
▼ julio (765)
1.- The clinical utility of gene testing for Alzheimer...
2.- Mismatch Between Cancer Genetics Counseling And Te...
3.- Using a Family History Intervention to Improve Can...
4.- Relative Familial Clustering of Cerebral Versus Co...
5.- Employment and work schedule are related to telome...
6.- Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Exploits Hsp40 to ...
7.- New strategy to uncover structural variations of h...
8.- Structural variation in two human genomes mapped a...
9.- Massive Project to Study the Link between Genetics...
10.- Research Activities, August 2011: Announcements: S...
11.- Effects of Rift Valley Fever, United States | CDC ...
12.- ASFV p72 Genotype IX in Domestic Pigs | CDC EID::V...
13.- Confirmation of Norovirus Outbreaks | CDC EID::Vol...
14.- Atypical Pestivirus in Calves | CDC EID::Volume 17...
15.- Aichi Virus Shedding in Patients with Diarrhea | C...
16.- Canine Distemper in Rhesus Monkeys | CDC EID :: Vo...
17.- Circulating Recombinant Coxsackievirus A16, China ...
18.- Neurologic Disease in Mare with West Nile Virus | ...
19.- WNV in Killer Whale | CDC EID :: Volume 17, Number...
20.- Pygmy Rice Rat as Potential Host of CASV | CDC EID...
21.- Novel Lyssavirus in Natterer's Bat, Germany | CDC ...
22.- Imported Measles, Taiwan, 2009 | CDC EID : Volume ...
23.- Novel Norovirus Strain, United States | CDC EID > ...
24.- Cowpox Virus in Llama, Italy | CDC EID > Volume 17...
25.- Neurologic Disorders and Hepatitis E | CDC EID > V...
26.- Poliomyelitis Outbreak, Pointe-Noire, 2010–2011 | ...
27.- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Kenya | CDC...
28.- Bagaza Virus in Partridges and Pheasants, Spain | ...
29.- Enterovirus 68 in Children, Osaka, Japan | CDC EID...
30.- Porcine Rotavirus Related to Human Rotaviruses | C...
31.- Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3, Bolivia | CDC EID > ...
32.- PARV4 in Children, India | CDC EID > Volume 17, Nu...
33.- Pandemic (H1N1) 2009–associated Deaths | CDC EID >...
34.- Predictors of Pneumococcal Co-infection | CDC EID ...
35.- Multidrug-Resistant Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Child ...
36.- Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Southern Brazil | CDC EID / ...
37.- Use of Medical Care during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 | ...
38.- Vaccines: Pubs/VIS/main page
39.- Painful Gout Afflicting More Americans: Study: Med...
40.- Building Muscle May Reduce Diabetes Risk, Study Sa...
41.- Growing Up Near Livestock Tied to Blood Cancers: M...
42.- Flu "super antibody" may bring universal shot clos...
43.- Women who eat lots of fiber have less breast cance...
44.- Pregnancy-Related Strokes Jump 54 Percent: Medline...
45.- Predicting Who Will -- and Won't -- Survive a Hear...
46.- Brain Injury Appears to Boost Stroke Risk: Medline...
47.- No clear link between statins and kidney cancer: M...
48.- Tamoxifen Wards Off Breast Cancer's Return for Mor...
49.- Traveling with Oxygen: Patient Education Guide
50.- Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Seroconversion, Singapore | C...
51.- Early Warning System for West Nile Virus | CDC EID...
52.- Novel Reovirus and Encephalopathy | CDC EID - Volu...
53.- Enterovirus 68 among Children, the Philippines | C...
54.- Sick Leave Policies and Influenza-like Illness | C...
55.- Novel Arenavirus Infection in Humans | CDC EID - V...
56.- Hospitalization and Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 | CDC EID...
57.- Human Adenovirus-14p1 Infections | CDC EID - Volum...
58.- Measles Virus D4-Hamburg, Europe | CDC EID - Volum...
59.- Surveillance Network for Norovirus, USA | CDC EID ...
60.- Acute Gastroenteritis and Norovirus | CDC EID
61.- Asymptomatic MCV Infection among Adults | CDC EID
62.- Human Polyomavirus Related to Monkey Polyomavirus ...
63.- Serial dopamine transporter imaging of nigrostriat...
64.- Trichodysplasia Spinulosa–associated Polyomavirus ...
65.- Dengue Virus Infection in Africa | CDC EID | Volum...
66.- Control and Prevention of Viral Gastroenteritis | ...
67.- Researchers develop mouse with ‘off switch’ in key...
68.- National Institute of Nursing Research convenes na...
69.- Press Announcements > Unapproved emergency birth c...
70.- Notes from the Field: Fatal Fungal Soft-Tissue Inf...
71.- Progress Toward Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasi...
72.- HIV-2 Infection Surveillance --- United States, 19...
73.- Characteristics Associated With Seasonal Influenza...
74.- Nonfatal Sports and Recreation Heat Illness Treate...
75.- Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Surveillance --- Ca...
76.- Computer-Aided Mammography Doesn't Improve Breast ...
77.- Non-head injuries may impact thinking skills: stud...
78.- Guided self-help may ease unexplained nerve sympto...
79.- IUD users have fewer repeat abortions: study: Medl...
80.- Americans cut back on sugar-sweetened soda: survey...
81.- Densensitization Procedure Helps Hard-to-Match Kid...
82.- 1 in 3 Nose Job Patients Has a Mental Illness: Stu...
83.- Genome.gov | 2011 News Feature: NHGRI researchers ...
84.- Genome.gov | New England Journal of Medicine Serie...
85.- Microbial Genomics and Infectious Diseases — NEJM
86.- NIH researchers identify gene variant in Proteus s...
87.- Hepatitis Rates Soar Among IV Drug Users, Study Fi...
88.- Gene Study Sheds Light on Deadly German E. Coli St...
89.- Ocular Prophylaxis for Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neona...
90.- Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus i...
91.- Videos & links from the International AIDS Society...
92.- Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Among HIV...
93.- CDC Data & Statistics | Feature: World Hepatitis D...
94.- CDC DVH - World Hepatitis Day — July 28th
95.- CDC NIOSH Science Blog: Pleuropulmonary disease in...
96.- NIH Fact Sheets - Genetics of Common, Complex Dise...
97.- Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory...
98.- T. cruzi Incidence Study in Blood Donors and its I...
99.- NIH researchers trace early journey of modulating ...
100.- Leishmaniasis: Red de Investigación Cooperativa de...
101.- Human Brains Wired to Empathize, Study Finds: Medl...
102.- More Kids Eating Calorie-Packed Take-out Food: Med...
103.- Depression Higher in Wealthier Nations: MedlinePlu...
104.- Fatty 'Comfort' Foods May Alter Brain's Response t...
105.- Study Finds Savings From Medicare's Drug Plan Exte...
106.- Researchers Find 3 Genes Linked to Esophagus Disor...
107.- Third of the world infected with hepatitis: WHO: M...
108.- Methamphetamine Abuse May Raise Parkinson's Risk: ...
109.- Rare paralyzing infection sickens 24 on U.S.-Mexic...
110.- Only 15% Use Calorie Info at NYC Fast Food Chains:...
111.- Liver, belly fat may identify high risks of heart ...
112.- Vascular changes linked to dementia
113.- Optimism associated with lower risk of having stro...
114.- Genes play greater role in heart attacks than stro...
115.- Brain Connectivity Disrupted in Patients with Post...
116.- Joint Replacement Surgery Increases Risk of Blood ...
117.- Family History May Predict Heart Attack More Than ...
118.- Lymph Node Test Doesn't Improve Breast Cancer Care...
119.- Latest Issue of CCR Connections Released ▲ NCI Can...
120.- Author and Oncologist Siddhartha Mukherjee Speaks ...
121.- Certain Antidepressants Linked to Falls in Nursing...
122.- A Conversation with Matthew Zachary: The Young Adu...
123.- AYAs Are Not Alone: Confronting Psychosocial Chall...
124.- For Many Young Cancer Survivors, Late Effects Pose...
125.- Clinical Trials Offer a Path to Better Care for AY...
126.- Uncovering the Biology of Cancers in Adolescents a...
127.- Advisory Panel Recommends Accelerated Approval for...
128.- In Hodgkin Lymphoma Study, Side Effects Distinguis...
129.- Radiation Plus Short-Term Hormone Therapy Improves...
130.- Breast Cancer Cells Found by Immunochemistry in Se...
131.- Cancer Research Now: Adolescent and Young Adult Ca...
132.- Toward a New Understanding of Cancers in Adolescen...
133.- New Therapies Offer Valuable Options for Patients ...
134.- In U.S. Southeast, Cognitive Decline Could Identif...
135.- NIMH · For Minor Depression, Study Shows No Benefi...
136.- NIMH · Switching Antipsychotics May Reduce Metabol...
137.- Children Eating More, and More Frequently Outside ...
138.- Antibiotics Beat Cranberries at Fighting Urinary T...
139.- Drug Safety and Availability > FDA Drug Safety Com...
140.- Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products > Zyvox (...
141.- Drug Safety and Availability > FDA Drug Safety Com...
142.- CDC - World Trade Center Health Programs: First Pe...
143.- Spiritual Talks May Boost Patients' View of Hospit...
144.- Chickenpox Vaccine May Wipe Out Related Deaths: St...
145.- Preparation Key When Kids With Asthma Go Back to S...
146.- Many Doctors Ignore Cancer Genetic Testing Guideli...
147.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Venous thromboe...
148.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | The management ...
149.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Management of H...
150.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Antenatal corti...
151.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Amniocentesis a...
152.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | The treatment o...
153.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | The diagnosis a...
154.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Optimizing the ...
155.- About the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research ...
156.- Science & Research (Drugs) > Science and Research ...
157.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Advice on the s...
158.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Summary of reco...
159.- WIN-Publication-Take Charge [FACTS] ► Teens, sodas...
160.- La quimioterapia pierde eficacia como tratamiento ...
161.- Reported referral for genetic counseling or BRCA 1...
162.- Teens Face Own Battles When Parent Goes to War: Me...
163.- Low 'Health Literacy' Hazardous to Your Health: Me...
164.- Return to smoking after heart attack ups death ris...
165.- Under-eye fat transfer lasts a few years: study: M...
166.- Japanese herb for hot flashes fails in U.S. trial:...
167.- Parents' stress tied to pollution's effect on kids...
168.- Take-home chlamydia tests tied to more screening: ...
169.- Transparency rules a tangle at cancer journals: Me...
170.- NIH-funded study proposes new method to predict fe...
171.- The Benefits of Being a Beta Male - National Insti...
172.- Updates to Family History May Improve Cancer Scree...
173.- Placebo Improves Asthma Symptoms, But Not Lung Fun...
174.- Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med -- Abstract: Early Volume...
175.- Blast-induced phenotypic switching in cerebral vas...
176.- Home | CDC Healthy Pets Healthy People
177.- Drug Safety and Availability > Medication Guides
178.- Drug Safety and Availability > FDA Drug Safety Com...
179.- Press Announcements > FDA Center for Drug Evaluati...
180.- Common approaches to the control of multidrug-resi...
181.- CHAGAS ► Antitrypanosomal Therapy for Chronic Chag...
182.- Salt in Your Diet: Trouble! -- Research Summary | ...
183.- Treating Melanoma with DNA | Medical News and Heal...
184.- Rebuilding Arthritic Fingers | Medical News and He...
185.- Preserving Donor Livers: The New Way | Medical New...
186.- Unraveling Trigeminal Neuralgia | Medical News and...
187.- Primary Care Physicians' Awareness, Experience and...
188.- Personalized medicine: a windfall for science, but...
189.- Unrealistic Expectations By The Public Of Personal...
190.- Research Reveals That Significantly More Genetic M...
191.- Functional genomics reveal that the serine synthes...
192.- Functional parsing of driver mutations in the colo...
193.- Seven prostate cancer susceptibility loci identifi...
194.- Willingness to Pay for Genetic Testing for Alzheim...
195.- Successful recruitment of healthy African American...
196.- Drugged Driving - InfoFacts - NIDA
197.- Sub-Saharan African Region Information, Grants and...
198.- Global Research in Mali
199.- Global Research ► NIAID Team Searches for Tickborn...
200.- Drug Safety and Availability > FDA Drug Safety Com...
201.- CDC Data & Statistics | Feature: Distracted Drivin...
202.- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, Overweig...
203.- HHS announces proposal to improve rules protecting...
204.- Research Activities, July 2011: Outcomes/Effective...
205.- Closing the Quality Gap: Revisiting the State of t...
206.- AHRQ Releases MONAHRQ Version 2.0
207.- Integrating Genetic Studies of Nicotine Addiction ...
208.- Genetic variability in susceptibility to occupatio...
209.- Genomic evolution and phenotypic distinctions of C...
210.- Identification of Leishmania spp. by Molecular Amp...
211.- CDC Wants Near-term Public Health Genomics Plans |...
212.- Genetic testing for lynch syndrome in individuals ...
213.- Family History of Cancer Important in Screening As...
214.- Community attitudes to genetic susceptibility-base...
215.- A risk prediction algorithm based on family histor...
216.- Avian Influenza ►CDC - NIOSH Publications and Prod...
217.- CDC - NIOSH Publications and Products - Protéger l...
218.- Recently Updated Advisory Committee Materials
219.- Women: Stay Healthy at 50+ [PATIENTS FACTS]
220.- Men: Stay Healthy at 50+ [PATIENTS FACTS]
221.- National Conference 2011 | Children and Family Fut...
222.- European Medicines Agency - News and press release...
223.- European Medicines Agency - News and press release...
224.- European Medicines Agency - News and press release...
225.- Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products > Chantix...
226.- Predicting complete cytogenetic response and subse...
227.- Long-term prognostic significance of response in m...
228.- Lenalidomide, bortezomib, pegylated liposomal doxo...
229.- A phase 2 study of lenalidomide monotherapy in pat...
230.- Combinatorial effects of microRNAs to suppress the...
231.- A 20 gene model for predicting nodal involvement i...
232.- Who Should Have Genetic Testing for the Lynch Synd...
233.- Comparing the Benefits and Costs of Testing for Ge...
234.- Strategies to Identify the Lynch Syndrome Among Pa...
235.- Public Health Genomics 2011, Vol. 14, No. 4-5
236.- Use of Oncotype DX in Women with Node-Positive Bre...
237.- CDC - Blogs - Genomics and Health Impact Blog – Me...
238.- Are Newer MS Drugs Worth Their High Price Tag?: Me...
239.- Use of the Internet for Health Information: United...
240.- Women, Whites Most Likely to Seek Health Info Onli...
241.- Epidemic of Obesity in U.S. Kids Began in Late '90...
242.- Blood Stored Too Long May Threaten Patient Safety:...
243.- Fewer people see heavy smoking as high risk: surve...
244.- Going into hospital far riskier than flying: WHO: ...
245.- Many Don't Toss Perishables After Long Power Outag...
246.- After tour, Reservists' mental health may suffer: ...
247.- Optimism May Lower Stroke Risk: MedlinePlus
248.- Clogged Arteries Might Raise Risk of Dementia, Exp...
249.- Informed-Consent Forms for HIV Research Too Long: ...
250.- Tarceva Battles Lung Cancer in Some: MedlinePlus
251.- Smartphones May Be Taxing Your Eyes: MedlinePlus
252.- Breast-feeding for 6 Months or More Protects Again...
253.- Is the treatment of CIN 2 always necessary in wome...
254.- European Medicines Agency - News and press release...
255.- The Placebo Effect: Does It exist? | Medical News ...
256.- Zinc ‘sparks’ fly from egg within minutes of ferti...
257.- A Common Mutation in the Defensin DEFB126 Causes I...
258.- Implementation of Acceptable Full-Length and Abbre...
259.- Press Announcements > FDA approves blood-thinning ...
260.- Drug Safety and Availability > FDA Drug Safety Com...
261.- Many fear Alzheimer's, want to be tested: survey: ...
262.- Study: Inherited Alzheimer's Detectable 20 Years B...
263.- Does Your Personality Dictate Whether You'll Be Ov...
264.- Mutant gene reduces male fertility: study: Medline...
265.- Preemies at Risk for Psychiatric Disorders as Teen...
266.- Lung problems found in Iraq, Afghanistan veterans:...
267.- Scientists Close in on Origins of Psoriasis, Eczem...
268.- Largest Ob/Gyn Group Backs Annual Mammograms in 40...
269.- FDA Approves Blood Thinner Brilinta for Heart Pati...
270.- Are Taller People at Heightened Cancer Risk?: Medl...
271.- Permanent Atrial fibriLLAtion Outcome Study Using ...
272.- Cholera in United States associated with epidemic ...
273.- Postmarket Drug Safety Information for Patients an...
274.- QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Wh...
275.- Announcement: Epidemic Intelligence Service Applic...
276.- Severe Hearing Impairment Among Military Veterans ...
277.- Chlorine Gas Exposure at a Metal Recycling Facilit...
278.- Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Among HIV...
279.- World Hepatitis Day --- July 28, 2011
280.- Special Features > An Important FDA Reminder for P...
281.- Current Vaccine Clinical Studies, NIAID, NIH
282.- July 20, 2011 -- NIAID Funding Newsletter -- NIAID...
283.- Obesity and Overweight for Professionals: Data and...
284.- Kawasaki disease - Genetics Home Reference
285.- X-linked creatine deficiency - Genetics Home Refer...
286.- HSAN5 ► Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropath...
287.- Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency - G...
288.- Low "health literacy" may mean worse health: Medli...
289.- Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders Tougher When It's Not Pa...
290.- C-Section Rate in U.S. Climbs to All-Time High: Re...
291.- Study Hints at How Stress of Domestic Violence Mig...
292.- Two Antidepressants Given to Dementia Patients Ine...
293.- As Waistline Expands, So Does Death Risk for Kidne...
294.- 'Broken Heart Syndrome' May Affect More People Tha...
295.- Soy/milk protein dietary supplements linked to low...
296.- Experimental drug raises “good” cholesterol, may h...
297.- Stopping Daily Aspirin Boosts Heart Attack Risk: S...
298.- Press Announcements FDA, federal partners develop...
299.- TO PREVENT MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE || 06-11mening-mc...
300.- WHO | Managing water in the home: accelerated heal...
301.- Secondhand Smoke and Hearing Loss | Medical News a...
302.- Melanoma: Screenings Vs. Self-Exams | Medical News...
303.- Cardiac Disorder: More Common Than We Thought? | M...
304.- Stopping Early Menopause in Cancer Patients | Medi...
305.- Kidney Transplant Rejections: New Insight | Medica...
306.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Carpal tunnel s...
307.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Elbow (acute & ...
308.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Head (trauma, h...
309.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Hip & pelvis (a...
310.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Knee & leg (acu...
311.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Low back - lumb...
312.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Neck and upper ...
313.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Pain (chronic)....
314.- Special Features > CDER Takes Steps to End Prescri...
315.- Study Examines the Placebo Response in Patients Wi...
316.- Guidances > Draft Guidance Documents: Good Clinica...
317.- The Truth About Cats and Dogs: Pets Are Good for M...
318.- Personality Plays Role in Body Weight, According t...
319.- No Difference in Women's and Men's Self-Esteem in ...
320.- Tests for inherited colon cancer may be worth cost...
321.- Secondhand Smoke Linked to Hearing Loss in Teens: ...
322.- Small Study Suggests Milk, Soy Proteins Lower Bloo...
323.- Specialists More Likely to Spot Deadly Skin Cancer...
324.- Statins Don't Seem to Raise Cancer Risk: MedlinePl...
325.- FDA Unveils Flu Vaccines for 2011-12 Season: Medli...
326.- More Evidence That Early Treatment Can Stop HIV's ...
327.- Self-Esteem Levels Vary by Age, Race, Study Finds:...
328.- Women Bear Greatest Burden of Alzheimer's: Medline...
329.- American Academy of Ambulatory Care Nursing (AAACN...
330.- CDC - Blogs - Safe Healthcare – Ambulatory Care Nu...
331.- Abstracts - 2012 National STD Prevention Conferenc...
332.- CDC NIOSH Science Blog: Horrible Bosses: Workplace...
333.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Liraglutide for...
334.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Nocturnal enure...
335.- Health Care Comes Home: The Human Factors
336.- Cyberbullying a Big Worry for Parents: Survey: Med...
337.- Drinking Alcohol May Prolong, Not Relieve, Stress:...
338.- Alcohol Affects Left, Right Heart Chambers Differe...
339.- Barbeque May Contain Hidden Dangers: MedlinePlus
340.- Comparing Treatments for Early-Stage Prostate Canc...
341.- A Way to Burn More Calories? - NIH Research Matter...
342.- Artificial Human Liver May Speed Drug Development ...
343.- NIH tips for older adults to combat heat-related i...
344.- Falls, eye tests may detect early Alzheimer's: Med...
345.- U.S. autopsy guidelines revised for Alzheimer's: M...
346.- Most drugs for Parkinson's psychosis unproven: Med...
347.- Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication – Radiatio...
348.- CDC Data & Statistics | Feature: Physical Activity...
349.- CDC - Grand Rounds ► Electronic Health Records: Wh...
350.- Drug Safety and Availability > FDA Drug Safety Com...
351.- Drug Safety and Availability > Medication Guides
352.- Adverse Events Reporting System (AERS) > Adverse E...
353.- Drugged Driving - InfoFacts - NIDA
354.- Spinal Surgery Made Easy -- Research Summary | Med...
355.- New Parkinson's Test: Predicting Dementia -- In De...
356.- Treating MS: Inflating Veins, Deflating Symptoms |...
357.- Drug Approvals and Databases > Electronic Orange B...
358.- Orange Book June 2011: ► UCM086233.pdf
359.- Orange Book June 2011 ► UCM262805.pdf
360.- Orange Book: Approved Drug Products with Therapeut...
361.- Genetics in Health Care: An Overview of Current an...
362.- Genome-based health literacy: a new challenge for ...
363.- Health literacy: the essential catalyst for the re...
364.- The paradox of public health genomics: Definition ...
365.- Taking the family history in genetic disease: a gu...
366.- Toll-like and adenosine receptor expression in inj...
367.- Subtype analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cry...
368.- Palliative care services in families of males with...
369.- NLRX1 Protein Attenuates Inflammatory Responses to...
370.- The Contribution of Chromosomal Abnormalities to C...
371.- Update on the Pharmacogenomics of Proton Pump Inhi...
372.- New genetic clues for schizophrenia; De novo mutat...
373.- Reengineering translational science: the time is r...
374.- Epigenome-wide association studies for common huma...
375.- Constructing "best interests": Genetic testing of ...
376.- ASGE: Endoscopic Unit Recognition Program
377.- Multisociety guideline on reprocessing flexible ga...
378.- Announcement: National Cleft and Craniofacial Awar...
379.- CDC - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
380.- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) - Welcome to M...
381.- ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) Fact Sheet: Na...
382.- About ALS - The ALS Association [PATIENTS FACTS]
383.- Sodium and Potassium Intake and Mortality Among US...
384.- Clinically relevant changes in family history of c...
385.- Cancer risks associated with germline mutations in...
386.- High Risk of Colorectal and Endometrial Cancer in ...
387.- Prevalence of alterations in DNA mismatch repair g...
388.- Risk for CRC in Lynch Syndrome May Be Lower Than W...
389.- Genomics|Resources|Video on Lynch syndrome
390.- can UGT1A1 genotyping reduce morbidity and mortali...
391.- genetic testing strategies in newly diagnosed indi...
392.- A Qualitative Examination of the Role of Small, Ru...
393.- Training and Technical Assistance to Enhance Capac...
394.- Increasing the Availability and Consumption of Dri...
395.- Prevention Research Centers - Study in Malawi - PR...
396.- Effect of School District Policy Change on Consump...
397.- Clean Indoor Air Regulation and Incidence of Hospi...
398.- Skin Lesions Often Misdiagnosed as Spider Bites: M...
399.- Do tea, coffee drinkers have lower "superbug" risk...
400.- Are narrow blood vessels to blame in MS?: MedlineP...
401.- Suicide Among Veterans All Too Common, Study Finds...
402.- Can You Google Your Memory?: MedlinePlus
403.- Less Lighting Up in Movies Aimed at Kids: MedlineP...
404.- Certain Painkillers May Raise Odds of Stroke, Hear...
405.- Exposure to Common Chemicals May Affect Thyroid Fu...
406.- Poorer, Less Educated Youth More Prone to Hyperten...
407.- Genes Linked to Restless Legs Syndrome Identified:...
408.- Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med -- Media Influence on Ado...
409.- Pelvic Mesh for Incontinence May Carry Added Risk ...
410.- CDC – NCHHSTP Newsroom – CDC Trial and Another Maj...
411.- Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products > CardioG...
412.- Teflon component linked to arthritis: MedlinePlus
413.- Drug Safety and Availability > FDA Drug Safety Com...
414.- Illness Associated with Exposure to Methyl Bromide...
415.- Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak at a Summer Camp --- No...
416.- Dengue Virus Infections Among Travelers Returning ...
417.- Smoking in Top-Grossing Movies --- United States, ...
418.- Adverse Events Reporting System (AERS) > Potential...
419.- CDC - Blogs - Safe Healthcare – Infection Preventi...
420.- Lot Release (Biologics) > Influenza Virus Vaccine ...
421.- Pelvic Mesh for Incontinence May Carry Added Risk ...
422.- A kinder, gentler defibrillator : Nature News
423.- Ultrasound May Determine Heart Attack Risk in HIV ...
424.- Low 'Empathy' Response in Brain Might Point to Aut...
425.- Safety Information > June 2011
426.- For Some Prostate Cancer Patients, Combo Treatment...
427.- Delving Into the Mystery of Placebos: MedlinePlus
428.- Neuron - Ank3-Dependent SVZ Niche Assembly Is Requ...
429.- Clinical implications of fixed-dose coformulations...
430.- NIH-funded study shows reduction in death for men ...
431.- NIH investigators discover new mechanism that may ...
432.- Control de infecciones 2011 [sólo idioma español] ...
433.- Advisory Panel Upholds Recommendation to Withdraw ...
434.- Inspired by Science: Cancer Research Internships f...
435.- Preventing Smoldering Multiple Myeloma from Progre...
436.- Whole-Genome Sequencing for Cancer Enters the Clin...
437.- NCI Cancer Disparities Research: Sharing Ideas, Fo...
438.- Gene Mutations Linked to Altered Telomeres in Canc...
439.- Blocking Cdk1 Protein May Sensitize More Tumors to...
440.- Lung Tumor Study Reveals Variability of CT Scans -...
441.- Clinically Relevant Family Histories of Cancer Cha...
442.- EGFR-Targeted Drug Effective for Some Lung Cancer ...
443.- U.S. Colorectal Cancer Death Rates Continue to Dro...
444.- Indoor Air Pollution From Coal Combustion and the ...
445.- Relationship between maternal demoralization, whee...
446.- Urinary Albumin Excretion Is Associated With Noctu...
447.- Infection Control Assessment of Ambulatory Surgica...
448.- CDC - Guide to Infection Prevention in Outpatient ...
449.- CDC - Blogs - Safe Healthcare – Moving Toward Safe...
450.- Viewpoints: How can caregivers reduce hospital-acq...
451.- e- Boletín DROGAS Y MEDICAMENTOS || Sistema de Inf...
452.- Recently Updated Advisory Committee Materials
453.- Knobloch syndrome - Genetics Home Reference
454.- Physical Activity Levels Linked to Employment Stat...
455.- Family History of Cancer Needs to Be Updated as Yo...
456.- Tool to Spot Lung Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Pa...
457.- Kids respond better to early "lazy eye" treatment:...
458.- More U.S. Men Die From Cancer Than Women: Study: M...
459.- Older Women at Greater Risk for Common STD, Study ...
460.- Scientists Spot Possible Target in Ovarian Cancer:...
461.- Alzheimer's Brain Protein Scanning Moves Forward: ...
462.- Placebo effect seen in treating colds: MedlinePlus...
463.- Bladder Cancer Patients Not Getting Recommended Ca...
464.- Contact Allergies Associated With Lower Rates of S...
465.- ORLive, Inc. and U.S. National Library of Medicine...
466.- Drug Approvals and Databases > Bioresearch Monitor...
467.- NIMH · Statistics · Panic Disorder Among Children
468.- NIMH · Statistics · Panic Disorder Among Adults
469.- Genome.gov | Learning About Holoprosencephaly
470.- CDC - Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CER...
471.- HHS Proposes New Rules for Affordable Insurance Ex...
472.- CDC – NCHHSTP Newsroom – CDC Trial and Another Maj...
473.- CDC Media Relations - Press Release: July 5, 2011►...
474.- ADHD, Learning Issues May Be Linked to Secondhand ...
475.- Older Adults Have to Exercise More to Maintain Mus...
476.- Risk factors for autism remain elusive: study: Med...
477.- Parkinson's Patients Still Prescribed Antipsychoti...
478.- Coordinated Cooling Effort After Cardiac Arrest Ca...
479.- Obstructive sleep apnea linked to blood vessel abn...
480.- Fast Food Is King of the Neighborhood, Study Repor...
481.- CDC Media Relations - Press Release: July 11, 2011...
482.- Press Announcements > FDA seeks comment on propose...
483.- Study: Potassium Boosts Heart Health, Salt Harms I...
484.- Psoriatic Arthritis Patients Seem to Lack Enough V...
485.- Effectiveness of home respiratory polygraphy for t...
486.- Relation of addiction genes to hypothalamic gene c...
487.- Addiction, Mental Health, and Health Care Integrat...
488.- Vaccines and Immunizations - CDC - Manual for Surv...
489.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | AHRQ Evidence R...
490.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Shoulder (acute...
491.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Mental illness ...
492.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Hernia.
493.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Forearm, wrist,...
494.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Fitness for dut...
495.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Eye.
496.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Burns.
497.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Ankle & foot (a...
498.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Female sexual d...
499.- CDC Data & Statistics | Feature: Obesity and Joint...
500.- Obesity May Increase Risk of Surgical Complication...
501.- Vitamin D may improve pancreas function: MedlinePl...
502.- Risk of Lightning Strikes Rises in Summer: Medline...
503.- Receptor limits the rewarding effects of food and ...
504.- Advisory Committee Meeting: Benefits and risks of ...
505.- Using Light and Sound to Detect Artery Blockage - ...
506.- A Detailed Look at Ovarian Cancer - NIH Research M...
507.- Certain Foods Linked to Long-term Weight Gain - NI...
508.- Anxiety, Depression in Pregnancy May Raise Kids' A...
509.- Mammogram Schedule Should Be Customized, Study Fin...
510.- Drug Information Update - CDER Small Business Upda...
511.- Drug Safety and Availability > FDA Drug Safety Com...
512.- Ketamine abuse may lead to bladder damage, pain: M...
513.- Study Offers Update on Staph Pneumonia Trends in C...
514.- Behavioral Techniques a Better Value for Chronic M...
515.- Coping Strategy Depends on Strength of Emotion: St...
516.- Losing Weight, Keeping It Off Can Be Two Different...
517.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | American Societ...
518.- Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products > Tamiflu...
519.- Osteoporosis: Not Just a Woman’s Disease -- Resear...
520.- Cutting Off Cancer That Can't be Cut Out -- In Dep...
521.- New Treatment for Prostate Cancer | Medical News a...
522.- Repairing Hearts with Stem Cells | Medical News an...
523.- Medical Advances: Optic Nerve Injuries | Medical N...
524.- Novel Analysis Method Organizes Genomic Cancer Dat...
525.- Multiplicity: an organizing principle for cancers ...
526.- Study Uncovers Novel Genetic Variation Linked To I...
527.- PLoS Genetics: Identification of a Sudden Cardiac ...
528.- Improved Diagnosis Of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Fo...
529.- Clinical effect of point mutations in myelodysplas...
530.- New Autism Study Implicates Environmental Factors ...
531.- Genetic Heritability and Shared Environmental Fact...
532.- Genetic Variant Linked To Development Of Liver Can...
533.- Variation in the DEPDC5 locus is associated with p...
534.- PHG Foundation | Mapping of ovarian cancer genome
535.- Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma. ...
536.- The General Public's Understanding and Perception ...
537.- Long-term outcomes of BRCA1/BRCA2 testing: risk re...
538.- Efficient DNA Extraction for HPV Genotyping in For...
539.- Phylogenetic analysis of eastern equine encephalit...
540.- Common Diseases Are Found to Vary by Continent - N...
541.- NIH funds massive genome studies that identify gen...
542.- 'Data Gone Wrong': Unreproducible Cancer Genomics ...
543.- Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Screening Kids for ...
544.- Screening for Lipid Disorders in Kids
545.- Familial hypercholesterolemia: screening, diagnosi...
546.- What questions should newborn screening long-term ...
547.- The Need for Vigilance: The Case of a False-Negati...
548.- Genetic Testing for Lynch Syndrome in Individuals ...
549.- Vaccines and Immunizations - CDC - Manual for Surv...
550.- Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized ch...
551.- JSTOR: Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology...
552.- P. knowlesi Reinfection in Human | CDC EID
553.- Trichomonal Peritonitis | CDC EID
554.- Melioidosis in Birds, Australia | CDC EID
555.- Human Herpesvirus 1 in Marmosets | CDC EID
556.- Ameba-associated Keratitis, France | CDC EID
557.- Easy Test for Leishmaniasis | CDC EID
558.- O. viverrini Flukes in Humans, Cambodia | CDC EID
559.- T. colubriformis Nematode Infections, France | CDC...
560.- Aircraft and Risk of Importing Leishmaniasis | CDC...
561.- Enzootic Angiostrongyliasis, Guangdong, China | CD...
562.- Malaria, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia | CDC EID...
563.- International Symposium on Angiostrongylus and Ang...
564.- HONREMOS EL SUELO QUE NOS COBIJA -||- 9 de JULIO d...
565.- Zoonoses in the Bedroom | CDC EID
566.- Foodborne Illness | CDC EID
567.- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Give Investigators ...
568.- Scientists Could Turn Natural Enzyme into Defense ...
569.- Doctors keeping very sick babies off life support:...
570.- Curbing kids' screen time is hard: study: MedlineP...
571.- Gonorrhea's Growing Resistance to Antibiotics Conc...
572.- U.S. Obesity Epidemic Continues to Spread: Medline...
573.- Teen Athletes Should Get Concussion Test Score Bef...
574.- Special Talk Therapy Seems to Help Dying Patients:...
575.- Giant Weed Can Cause Blisters, Even Blindness: Med...
576.- Men Seem More Likely Than Women to Develop Hole in...
577.- Stem cell injections may offer hope to patients wi...
578.- Press Announcements > FDA approves Boostrix to pre...
579.- Experts find rogue stem cells in liver cancer: Med...
580.- Research Activities, July 2011: Women's Health: Wo...
581.- Research Activities, July 2011: Women's Health: No...
582.- Research Activities, July 2011: Child/Adolescent H...
583.- CXCL5 Mediates UVB Irradiation–Induced Pain
584.- Contraception USMEC | Unintended Pregnancy Prevent...
585.- The Future of the NIAID Clinical Trial Units | blo...
586.- Risk factors for coronary microvascular disease [P...
587.- Vital Signs: Colorectal Cancer Screening, Incidenc...
588.- Update to CDC's U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria ...
589.- Drug Overdose Deaths --- Florida, 2003--2009
590.- Notes from the Field: Botulism Caused by Consumpti...
591.- A Link Between Omega-6 and Chronic Disease—Does An...
592.- Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products > Nulojix...
593.- Breastfeeding may not stop MS flare-ups: study: Me...
594.- New Combo Therapy May Prevent TB, Save Lives in Pe...
595.- A Deadly New Reason to Avoid Deer Ticks: MedlinePl...
596.- Binge Eating May Be a High All Its Own: MedlinePlu...
597.- Cephalosporin Susceptibility Among Neisseria gonor...
598.- Bartonellaspp. in Bats, Guatemala | CDC EID
599.- Clonal Genotype of Geomyces destructans | CDC EID
600.- B. mallei Infection in Dromedary, Bahrain | CDC EI...
601.- P. vivax Malaria, French Guiana | CDC EID
602.- B. pseudomallei in Bore Water, Northern Australia ...
603.- Melioidosis, Southern Arizona | CDC EID
604.- Melioidosis, Phnom Penh, Cambodia | CDC EID
605.- Viability of B. procyonis Eggs | CDC EID
606.- Melioidosis Acquired by Traveler to Nigeria | CDC ...
607.- Survival after Yttrium-90 resin microsphere radioe...
608.- SpringerLink - Neurochemical Research, Online Firs...
609.- Physical inactivity and idiopathic pulmonary embol...
610.- Journal of Investigative Dermatology - Do Nonstero...
611.- Journal of Investigative Dermatology - Keratin 14-...
612.- Journal of Investigative Dermatology - Long-Term U...
613.- Treatment Episode Data Set -- Admissions (TEDS-A) ...
614.- Treatment Episode Data Set -- Discharges (TEDS-D),...
615.- National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Servi...
616.- Thinking globally to improve mental health, July 6...
617.- NIH effort seeks to identify measures of nutrition...
618.- Reengineering Translational Science: The Time Is R...
619.- Parents' experiences of expanded newborn screening...
620.- Using Alzheimer's disease as a model for genetic r...
621.- Using Alzheimer's disease as a model for genetic r...
622.- Researchers Develop New Gene Therapy For Heart Fai...
623.- Where in the Genome Are Significant Single Nucleot...
624.- Keeping up with genetic discoveries in amyotrophic...
625.- A new scoring system for the diagnosis of BRCA1/2 ...
626.- Eating Disorders Appear to Raise Risk of Death: Me...
627.- Delaying Intravenous Feeding of ICU Patients May A...
628.- Study Finds Most Urgent Angioplasties Warranted: M...
629.- Post-Op Nausea May Be Hereditary: MedlinePlus
630.- Painkillers May Raise Risk of Dangerous Heart Flut...
631.- Review raises questions over benefits of cutting s...
632.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Transvaginal me...
633.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Genetic conside...
634.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Adults with sys...
635.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Acute pharyngit...
636.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Treatment of dy...
637.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Naevi and skin ...
638.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Melanoma.
639.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Gynaecological ...
640.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Coronary heart ...
641.- National Guideline Clearinghouse | Acute coronary ...
642.- Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with No...
643.- Yale researchers discover many genetic keys needed...
644.- Balance tips toward environment as heritability eb...
645.- NIH findings in mice have potential to curb obesit...
646.- CDC - Highlights from state and local programs - T...
647.- Your Guide to Breastfeeding
648.- First patients receive lab-grown blood vessels fro...
649.- Arsenic linked to kidney cancer: MedlinePlus
650.- Press Announcements FDA approves Xarelto to reduc...
651.- Vital Signs: Colorectal Cancer Screening, Incidenc...
652.- Impact of patatin-like phospholipase-3 (rs738409 C...
653.- Gene variant increases fatty liver risk and fibros...
654.- Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduce...
655.- Gene That Keeps You Thin May Raise Risk Of Heart D...
656.- PLoS Genetics: Web-Based Genome-Wide Association S...
657.- Two Novel Genetic Associations With Parkinson's Di...
658.- Cell - Exome Sequencing of Ion Channel Genes Revea...
659.- Genetic Testing In Epilepsy -- It Takes More Than ...
660.- MHC region and risk of systemic lupus erythematosu...
661.- New genetic risk factors of lupus found in study o...
662.- Characterisation of the Escherichia coli strain as...
663.- Biomarker Analyses and Final Overall Survival Resu...
664.- Molecular Selection Trumps Clinical Selection
665.- Final IPASS Data Back EGFR Testing Before NSCLC Tr...
666.- Genetic Screening. [Epidemiol Rev. 2011] - PubMed ...
667.- Management of Inherited Thrombophilia: Guide for G...
668.- Mutation analysis of KRAS prior to targeted therap...
669.- PHG Foundation | Effective drug treatment for cyst...
670.- E Coli In German Outbreak Has Gene Profile That Ma...
671.- A Decade of Inaction at USDA on Non-O157 E. coli
672.- CIDRAP >> Sprout seeds suspected in French E coli ...
673.- Supplemental Oxygen for the Prevention of Post-Ces...
674.- Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma :...
675.- Interview With a Woman Who Overcame Two Traumas an...
676.- Research Activities, July 2011: Disparities/Minori...
677.- Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disord...
678.- A probabilistic disease-gene finder for personal g...
679.- Software pinpoints cause of mystery genetic disord...
680.- Using VAAST to Identify an X-Linked Disorder Resul...
681.- Free App Provides DNA Data For Researchers: The Hu...
682.- Answers in the genes - Public Service
683.- Personalized medicine: new genomics, old lessons. ...
684.- Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus revisited: An evolution...
685.- Low-risk human papillomavirus testing and other no...
686.- Genetic variability, phylogenetic relationships an...
687.- Characterization and allelic polymorphisms of rhes...
688.- Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates...
689.- A Multiplex Real-time PCR Assay for Detection of M...
690.- Clinical Use of the Surgeon General's "My Family H...
691.- Factors affecting encouragement of relatives among...
692.- New Guide Indicates When And How Genetic Testing I...
693.- Nearsightedness linked to serious eye disease: Med...
694.- Breast Cancer Plus Other Health Issues Linked to W...
695.- Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
696.- Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Hajj Pilgrims, Egypt | CD...
697.- Visceral Larva Migrans from Latin America | CDC EI...
698.- Association between waiting times and short term m...
699.- The glucose triad and its role in comprehensive gl...
700.- Impact of maternal immunization on influenza hospi...
701.- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Risk f...
702.- MDR M. tuberculosis, Southwestern Colombia | CDC E...
703.- Death from Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 | CDC EID
704.- Medical Foods: Treating Alzheimer’s, Depression, a...
705.- Food as Medicine: Fighting Cancer and Disease | Me...
706.- Stopping Amputations With Cow Collagen | Medical N...
707.- Magnets Wake up Coma Patients | Medical News and H...
708.- Decoding Genetics: Sequencing Genome | Medical New...
709.- Use of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation A...
710.- Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus, Africa | CDC EID...
711.- Co-infections of Plasmodium spp., Vietnam | CDC EI...
712.- Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, New South Wales, Australia |...
713.- Severe P. knowlesi Malaria | CDC EID
714.- Evolving Safety Profile of rhBMP-2 Revealed in Stu...
715.- Cured meats not linked to pancreatic cancer: Medli...
716.- ICSI - Labor, Management of (Guideline)
717.- ICSI - Depression, Major, in Adults in Primary Car...
718.- Development Resources > Medical, Statistical, and ...
719.- Q11 Development and Manufacture of Drug Substances...
720.- Introduction to Disaster Behavioral Health
721.- Register of designated Orphan Medicinal Products (...
722.- CDC Vital Signs - Making Food Safer to Eat
723.- CDC - Foodborne Outbreak Investigations - Table of...
724.- CDC - Epidemiologic Case Studies - Salmonella in t...
725.- CDC - Epidemiologic Case Studies - E. coli O157:H7...
726.- CDC - Epidemiologic Case Studies - Gastroenteritis...
727.- CDC - Epidemiologic Case Studies - Botulism in Arg...
728.- CDC - Epidemiologic Case Studies - Computer-Based ...
729.- Comparing Orphan and Non-Orphan Clinical Trials « ...
730.- Liquid-based Cytology Test Use by Office-based Phy...
731.- American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology - Supp...
732.- Consumer Updates > Safe Use Initiative: Preventing...
733.- Un amendement de bon augure pour les maladies rare...
734.- Appeal in support of the AFM Telethon [english|spa...
735.- News & Events FDA Clinical Investigator Training ...
736.- Powassan Virus (POW) Basics - Minnesota Dept. of H...
737.- Technology Assessment: Update of Horizon Scans of ...
738.- Press Announcements > FDA approves Arcapta Neohale...
739.- Equine Piroplasmosis Associated with Amblyomma caj...
740.- Escherichia coli O104:H4 from 2011 European Outbre...
741.- Impact of evidence-based clinical guidelines on th...
742.- Swedish Two-County Trial: Impact of Mammographic S...
743.- No Headway Against COPD, Which Now Affects Women M...
744.- Kids who survive cancer more often get new tumors:...
745.- Pollutants linked to diabetes in new study: Medlin...
746.- ESBL Genes of E. coli in Chicken Meat and Humans |...
747.- Legionellosis, Singapore | CDC EID
748.- Hansen Disease, United States | CDC EID
749.- Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, USA, 1993–2009 | CD...
750.- Transmission of Influenza on International Flights...
751.- Seasonal Vaccine against Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 | CD...
752.- Study Concludes 8 Percent of Children in the U.S. ...
753.- Blackouts Linked to Future Drinking Injuries in Co...
754.- QuickStats: Percentage of Children Aged 5--17 Year...
755.- Occupational Aviation Fatalities --- Alaska, 2000-...
756.- Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance ---...
757.- Update on Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses --- Worldwi...
758.- Notes from the Field : Multiple Cases of Measles A...
759.- Genes May Control How Long You Look at Happy Faces...
760.- Organ Transplant Drug Might Treat Rapid-Aging Dise...
761.- Research Sheds Light on Cause of Brain Deficits in...
762.- Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products > Valproa...
763.- Guidances (Drugs) > Bioequivalence Recommendations...
764.- Drug Safety and Availability > FDA Drug Safety Com...
765.- AHRQ News and Numbers: Black Children More Likely ...
► junio (703)
► mayo (726)
► abril (667)
► marzo (707)
► febrero (615)
► enero (649)
► 2010 (6309)
► diciembre (640)
► noviembre (596)
► octubre (608)
► septiembre (561)
► agosto (468)
► julio (489)
► junio (463)
► mayo (615)
► abril (504)
► marzo (510)
► febrero (345)
► enero (510)
► 2009 (4504)
domingo, 31 de julio de 2011
The clinical utility of gene testing for Alzheimer... [Neurol Int. 2011] - PubMed result
The clinical utility of gene testing for Alzheimer... [Neurol Int. 2011] - PubMed result: "Neurol Int. 2011 Jun;3(1):e1. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
The clinical utility of gene testing for Alzheimer's disease.
Atkins ER, Panegyres PK.
Source
Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Subiaco, Australia.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the largest cause of dementia, affecting 35.6 million people in 2010. Amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 mutations are known to cause familial early-onset AD, whereas apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is a susceptibility gene for late-onset AD. The genes for phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein, clusterin and complement receptor 1 have recently been described by genome-wide association studies as potential risk factors for late-onset AD. Also, a genome association study using single neucleotide polymorphisms has identified an association of neuronal sortilin related receptor and late-onset AD. Gene testing, and also predictive gene testing, may be of benefit in suspected familial early-onset AD however it adds little to the diagnosis of late-onset AD and does not alter the treatment. We do not recommend APOE ε4 genotyping.
PMID:
21785673
[PubMed - in process]
PMCID: PMC3141112
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
The clinical utility of gene testing for Alzheimer's disease.
Atkins ER, Panegyres PK.
Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Subiaco, Australia.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the largest cause of dementia, affecting 35.6 million people in 2010. Amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 mutations are known to cause familial early-onset AD, whereas apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is a susceptibility gene for late-onset AD. The genes for phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein, clusterin and complement receptor 1 have recently been described by genome-wide association studies as potential risk factors for late-onset AD. Also, a genome association study using single neucleotide polymorphisms has identified an association of neuronal sortilin related receptor and late-onset AD. Gene testing, and also predictive gene testing, may be of benefit in suspected familial early-onset AD however it adds little to the diagnosis of late-onset AD and does not alter the treatment. We do not recommend APOE ε4 genotyping.
PMID:
21785673
[PubMed - in process]
PMCID: PMC3141112
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Mismatch Between Cancer Genetics Counseling And Testing Guidelines And Physician Practices
Main Category: Breast Cancer
Also Included In: Ovarian Cancer; Genetics
Article Date: 25 Jul 2011 - 0:00 PDT
A new analysis has found that many doctors report that they do not appropriately offer breast and ovarian cancer counseling and testing services to their female patients. Published early online in CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the study indicates that efforts are needed to encourage these services for high-risk women and discourage them for average-risk women.
Women with mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene have a substantially increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer, but there are medical treatments that can dramatically decrease their risk. Therefore, genetic counseling and testing are recommended for women at high risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer because of a personal or family history indicative of a BRCA 1/2 mutation; however, they are not recommended for those at average risk because the harms of treatment outweigh the benefits.
Little is known about whether physicians are adhering to recommendations related to genetic counseling and testing for women at average and high risk of ovarian cancer. To investigate, Katrina Trivers, PhD, MSPH, of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, and her colleagues surveyed 3,200 U.S. family physicians, general internists, and obstetrician-gynecologists with a questionnaire that asked about the services they would provide to women at annual exams, including how frequently they would refer women to genetic counseling or offer BRCA 1/2 testing. Scenarios in the questionnaire varied the patients' characteristics, such as age, race, insurance status, and ovarian cancer risk.
A total of 1,878 physicians (62 percent) responded to the survey. For high-risk women, less than half (41 percent) of the physicians reported that they would recommend referral for genetic counseling or testing, consistent with guidelines. Twenty-nine percent of physicians reported that they would sometimes or always refer average-risk women for genetic counseling and testing. 'Despite the existence of evidence-based guidelines on referral for genetic counseling and testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, many physicians report practices contrary to these recommendations,' said Dr. Trivers. She noted that when high-risk women do not receive these services, they could miss out on important interventions that can decrease their risk. On the other hand, when physicians refer average-risk women for counseling and testing, this is an inefficient use of resources that is associated with, at most, a small clinical benefit.
The investigators found that physicians reported that they were more likely to follow guideline recommendations when they were able to accurately estimate their patients' risks of ovarian cancer.
Source:
Jennifer Beal
Wiley-Blackwell
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Using a Family History Intervention to Improve Can... [J Genet Couns. 2011] - PubMed result
Using a Family History Intervention to Improve Can... [J Genet Couns. 2011] - PubMed result: "J Genet Couns. 2011 Jul 20. [Epub ahead of print]
Using a Family History Intervention to Improve Cancer Risk Perception in a Black Community.
Murthy VS, Garza MA, Almario DA, Vogel KJ, Grubs RE, Gettig EA, Wilson JW, Thomas SB.
Source
Department of Clinical Genetics, The Permanente Medical Group, 5755 Cottle Rd, Bldg 1, San Jose, CA, 95123, USA.
Abstract
Few studies examine the use of family history to influence risk perceptions in the African American population. This study examined the influence of a family health history (FHH) intervention on risk perceptions for breast (BRCA), colon (CRC), and prostate cancers (PRCA) among African Americans in Pittsburgh, PA. Participants (n = 665) completed pre- and post-surveys and FHHs. We compared their objective and perceived risks, classified as average, moderate, or high, and examined the accuracy of risk perceptions before and after the FHH intervention. The majority of participants had accurate risk perceptions post-FHH. Of those participants who were inaccurate pre-FHH, 43.3%, 43.8%, and 34.5% for BRCA, CRC, and PRCA, respectively, adopted accurate risk perceptions post-FHH intervention. The intervention was successful in a community setting. It has the potential to lead to healthy behavior modifications because participants adopted accurate risk perceptions. We identified a substantial number of at-risk individuals who could benefit from targeted prevention strategies, thus decreasing racial/ethnic cancer disparities.
PMID:
21773879
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Using a Family History Intervention to Improve Cancer Risk Perception in a Black Community.
Murthy VS, Garza MA, Almario DA, Vogel KJ, Grubs RE, Gettig EA, Wilson JW, Thomas SB.
Department of Clinical Genetics, The Permanente Medical Group, 5755 Cottle Rd, Bldg 1, San Jose, CA, 95123, USA.
Abstract
Few studies examine the use of family history to influence risk perceptions in the African American population. This study examined the influence of a family health history (FHH) intervention on risk perceptions for breast (BRCA), colon (CRC), and prostate cancers (PRCA) among African Americans in Pittsburgh, PA. Participants (n = 665) completed pre- and post-surveys and FHHs. We compared their objective and perceived risks, classified as average, moderate, or high, and examined the accuracy of risk perceptions before and after the FHH intervention. The majority of participants had accurate risk perceptions post-FHH. Of those participants who were inaccurate pre-FHH, 43.3%, 43.8%, and 34.5% for BRCA, CRC, and PRCA, respectively, adopted accurate risk perceptions post-FHH intervention. The intervention was successful in a community setting. It has the potential to lead to healthy behavior modifications because participants adopted accurate risk perceptions. We identified a substantial number of at-risk individuals who could benefit from targeted prevention strategies, thus decreasing racial/ethnic cancer disparities.
PMID:
21773879
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Relative Familial Clustering of Cerebral Versus Co... [Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2011] - PubMed result
Relative Familial Clustering of Cerebral Versus Co... [Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2011] - PubMed result: "Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2011 Jul 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Relative Familial Clustering of Cerebral Versus Coronary Ischaemic Events.
Banerjee A, Silver LE, Heneghan C, Welch SJ, Mehta Z, Banning AP, Rothwell PM.
Source
Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
-Few population-based studies have ascertained both cerebral and coronary events or considered their relative heritability. Differences in heritability of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and ischaemic stroke versus acute coronary syndromes (ACS) may inform risk prediction, genetic studies, and understanding of disease mechanisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
-In a population-based study of all acute vascular events, irrespective of age, we studied family history of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and related risk factors in first degree relatives (FDR). To allow for differences in rates of affected FDRs due to differences in disease incidence, we looked at the extent to which parental history was associated with affected siblings within disease category. 906(604 males, mean age=70.0) probands with ACS and 1015(484 males,mean age=73.0) with cerebral events had complete family history data. In ACS probands, parental MI was associated with MI in ≥1 sibling: one parent with MI - OR=1.48, 1.04-2.10, p=0.03; both parents with MI - OR=5.97, 3.23-11.03; p<0.0001. In probands with cerebral events, however, parental stroke was not associated with sibling stroke. The overall frequency of ≥2 siblings with the same condition was also greater in probands with ACS than in those with cerebral events (5.43, 3.03-9.76; p<0.00001), despite similar overall incidence of MI and stroke in our study population. 142(15.7%) ACS occurred in families with ≥2 affected FDRs compared with 56(5.1%) TIA/strokes. All results were similar when analyses were confined to probands with MI only versus stroke only, and independent of smoking.
CONCLUSIONS:
-Heritability of coronary events was greater than that of cerebral events, such that MI was more likely to cluster in families than was stroke.
PMID:
21791700
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Banerjee A, Silver LE, Heneghan C, Welch SJ, Mehta Z, Banning AP, Rothwell PM.
Source
Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
-Few population-based studies have ascertained both cerebral and coronary events or considered their relative heritability. Differences in heritability of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and ischaemic stroke versus acute coronary syndromes (ACS) may inform risk prediction, genetic studies, and understanding of disease mechanisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
-In a population-based study of all acute vascular events, irrespective of age, we studied family history of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and related risk factors in first degree relatives (FDR). To allow for differences in rates of affected FDRs due to differences in disease incidence, we looked at the extent to which parental history was associated with affected siblings within disease category. 906(604 males, mean age=70.0) probands with ACS and 1015(484 males,mean age=73.0) with cerebral events had complete family history data. In ACS probands, parental MI was associated with MI in ≥1 sibling: one parent with MI - OR=1.48, 1.04-2.10, p=0.03; both parents with MI - OR=5.97, 3.23-11.03; p<0.0001. In probands with cerebral events, however, parental stroke was not associated with sibling stroke. The overall frequency of ≥2 siblings with the same condition was also greater in probands with ACS than in those with cerebral events (5.43, 3.03-9.76; p<0.00001), despite similar overall incidence of MI and stroke in our study population. 142(15.7%) ACS occurred in families with ≥2 affected FDRs compared with 56(5.1%) TIA/strokes. All results were similar when analyses were confined to probands with MI only versus stroke only, and independent of smoking.
CONCLUSIONS:
-Heritability of coronary events was greater than that of cerebral events, such that MI was more likely to cluster in families than was stroke.
PMID:
21791700
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Employment and work schedule are related to telome... [Occup Environ Med. 2011] - PubMed result
Employment and work schedule are related to telome... [Occup Environ Med. 2011] - PubMed result: "Occup Environ Med. 2011 Aug;68(8):582-9. Epub 2011 May 2.
Employment and work schedule are related to telomere length in women.
Parks CG, Deroo LA, Miller DB, McCanlies EC, Cawthon RM, Sandler DP.
Source
Epidemiology Branch, A3-05, NIEHS, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27599, USA; parks1@mail.nih.gov.
Abstract
Objectives To examine the association of employment and work schedule with shorter DNA telomeres, a marker of cellular ageing and disease risk factor, and consider whether differences were related to health, behaviours and sociodemographic factors, or varied by stress levels or menopausal status. Methods This cross-sectional analysis of 608 women aged 35-74 in the Sister Study examined determinants of relative telomere length (rTL) measured by quantitative PCR in leucocyte DNA. Age-adjusted regression models estimated base pair (bp) rTL differences for current and lifetime schedule characteristics (ie, part-time, full-time or overtime hours; multiple jobs; irregular hours; shiftwork; work at night). Covariates included race, smoking, perceived stress, sleep, physical activity, health and menopausal status, education, marital status, live births, children under 18, measured body mass index and urinary stress hormones. Results Compared with non-employed women with moderate or substantial past work histories (n=190), those currently working full-time (n=247; median 40 h/week) had a shorter rTL, an age-adjusted difference of -329 bp (95% CI -110 to -548). Longer-duration full-time work was also associated with shorter rTL (age-adjusted difference of -472 bp, 95% CI -786 to -158 for 20+ vs 1-5 years). Findings were not explained by health and demographic covariates. However, rTL differences for working at least full-time were greater in women with higher stress and epinephrine levels. Conclusions Current and long-term full-time work were associated with shorter rTL, with differences of similar magnitude to smoking and history of heart disease or diabetes. Longitudinal data with specific stress measures are needed to further evaluate the impact of work schedule on rTL.
PMID:
21540175
[PubMed - in process]
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Employment and work schedule are related to telomere length in women.
Parks CG, Deroo LA, Miller DB, McCanlies EC, Cawthon RM, Sandler DP.
Epidemiology Branch, A3-05, NIEHS, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27599, USA; parks1@mail.nih.gov.
Abstract
Objectives To examine the association of employment and work schedule with shorter DNA telomeres, a marker of cellular ageing and disease risk factor, and consider whether differences were related to health, behaviours and sociodemographic factors, or varied by stress levels or menopausal status. Methods This cross-sectional analysis of 608 women aged 35-74 in the Sister Study examined determinants of relative telomere length (rTL) measured by quantitative PCR in leucocyte DNA. Age-adjusted regression models estimated base pair (bp) rTL differences for current and lifetime schedule characteristics (ie, part-time, full-time or overtime hours; multiple jobs; irregular hours; shiftwork; work at night). Covariates included race, smoking, perceived stress, sleep, physical activity, health and menopausal status, education, marital status, live births, children under 18, measured body mass index and urinary stress hormones. Results Compared with non-employed women with moderate or substantial past work histories (n=190), those currently working full-time (n=247; median 40 h/week) had a shorter rTL, an age-adjusted difference of -329 bp (95% CI -110 to -548). Longer-duration full-time work was also associated with shorter rTL (age-adjusted difference of -472 bp, 95% CI -786 to -158 for 20+ vs 1-5 years). Findings were not explained by health and demographic covariates. However, rTL differences for working at least full-time were greater in women with higher stress and epinephrine levels. Conclusions Current and long-term full-time work were associated with shorter rTL, with differences of similar magnitude to smoking and history of heart disease or diabetes. Longitudinal data with specific stress measures are needed to further evaluate the impact of work schedule on rTL.
PMID:
21540175
[PubMed - in process]
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Exploits Hsp40 to Inhibit PKR Activation
PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20215. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Exploits Hsp40 to Inhibit PKR Activation.
Sharma K, Tripathi S, Ranjan P, Kumar P, Garten R, Deyde V, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sambhara S, Lal SK.
Source
Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Double-stranded RNA dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a key regulator of the anti-viral innate immune response in mammalian cells. PKR activity is regulated by a 58 kilo Dalton cellular inhibitor (P58(IPK)), which is present in inactive state as a complex with Hsp40 under normal conditions. In case of influenza A virus (IAV) infection, P58(IPK) is known to dissociate from Hsp40 and inhibit PKR activation. However the influenza virus component responsible for PKR inhibition through P58(IPK) activation was hitherto unknown.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:
Human heat shock 40 protein (Hsp40) was identified as an interacting partner of Influenza A virus nucleoprotein (IAV NP) using a yeast two-hybrid screen. This interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation studies from mammalian cells transfected with IAV NP expressing plasmid. Further, the IAV NP-Hsp40 interaction was validated in mammalian cells infected with various seasonal and pandemic strains of influenza viruses. Cellular localization studies showed that NP and Hsp40 co-localize primarily in the nucleus. During IAV infection in mammalian cells, expression of NP coincided with the dissociation of P58(IPK) from Hsp40 and decrease PKR phosphorylation. We observed that, plasmid based expression of NP in mammalian cells leads to decrease in PKR phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibition of NP expression during influenza virus replication led to PKR activation and concomitant increase in eIF2α phosphorylation. Inhibition of NP expression also led to reduced IRF3 phosphorylation, enhanced IFN β production and concomitant reduction of virus replication. Taken together our data suggest that NP is the viral factor responsible for P58(IPK) activation and subsequent inhibition of PKR-mediated host response during IAV infection.
SIGNIFICANCE:
Our findings demonstrate a novel role of IAV NP in inhibiting PKR-mediated anti-viral host response and help us understand P58(IPK) mediated inhibition of PKR activity during IAV infection.
PMID:
21698289
[PubMed - in process]
PMCID: PMC3115951
Free PMC Article
Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Exploits Hsp40 to Inhibit PKR Activation: "- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Exploits Hsp40 to Inhibit PKR Activation.
Sharma K, Tripathi S, Ranjan P, Kumar P, Garten R, Deyde V, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sambhara S, Lal SK.
Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Double-stranded RNA dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a key regulator of the anti-viral innate immune response in mammalian cells. PKR activity is regulated by a 58 kilo Dalton cellular inhibitor (P58(IPK)), which is present in inactive state as a complex with Hsp40 under normal conditions. In case of influenza A virus (IAV) infection, P58(IPK) is known to dissociate from Hsp40 and inhibit PKR activation. However the influenza virus component responsible for PKR inhibition through P58(IPK) activation was hitherto unknown.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:
Human heat shock 40 protein (Hsp40) was identified as an interacting partner of Influenza A virus nucleoprotein (IAV NP) using a yeast two-hybrid screen. This interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation studies from mammalian cells transfected with IAV NP expressing plasmid. Further, the IAV NP-Hsp40 interaction was validated in mammalian cells infected with various seasonal and pandemic strains of influenza viruses. Cellular localization studies showed that NP and Hsp40 co-localize primarily in the nucleus. During IAV infection in mammalian cells, expression of NP coincided with the dissociation of P58(IPK) from Hsp40 and decrease PKR phosphorylation. We observed that, plasmid based expression of NP in mammalian cells leads to decrease in PKR phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibition of NP expression during influenza virus replication led to PKR activation and concomitant increase in eIF2α phosphorylation. Inhibition of NP expression also led to reduced IRF3 phosphorylation, enhanced IFN β production and concomitant reduction of virus replication. Taken together our data suggest that NP is the viral factor responsible for P58(IPK) activation and subsequent inhibition of PKR-mediated host response during IAV infection.
SIGNIFICANCE:
Our findings demonstrate a novel role of IAV NP in inhibiting PKR-mediated anti-viral host response and help us understand P58(IPK) mediated inhibition of PKR activity during IAV infection.
PMID:
21698289
[PubMed - in process]
PMCID: PMC3115951
Free PMC Article
Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Exploits Hsp40 to Inhibit PKR Activation: "- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
New strategy to uncover structural variations of human genomes
full-text ►New strategy to uncover structural variations of human genomes: "New Strategy to Uncover Structural Variations of Human Genomes
ScienceDaily (July 26, 2011) — A new study on single-nucleotide resolution structural variations (SVs) of an Asian and African genome was recently published online in Nature Biotechnology. This study was performed by BGI (previously known as the Beijing Genomics Institute), and demonstrates that whole genome de novo assembly could serve as a new solution for developing a more comprehensive SV map of individuals.
With the rapid development of genomics, more and more experts focus upon the studies of human genome variations by identification and annotation of SNPs in the context of structure, function, and disease. However, recent studies have shown that there are a large number of SVs that have been discovered in the human genome putatively having equal or greater functional impacts than SNPs.
Although many methods have been used to characterize SVs in previous studies, each may have some disadvantages due to technological limitations and the complexity of SVs, making it necessary to find a high accuracy detection method to identify and characterize SVs of human genomes.
"The research focusing on SVs is a real challenge," said Yingrui Li, Director of Science and Technology Department at BGI and the co-lead author of the study, "The study was confronted with many difficulties at the start, such as alignment accuracy, rearranged structure (non-linear), breakpoint recovery, and background noises."
"As a solution," he explained, 'researchers discovered a novel pipeline for detecting SVs in Whole Genome Assembly with a lower cost and faster speed." Based on large-scale genome assembly data from next-generation sequencing technologies, small and intermediate size homozygous SVs (1- 50kbp) can be detected, including insertions, deletions, inversions, and complex rearrangements with precise breakpoints and genotypes previously difficult to define by other approaches.
Through this new method, researchers identified 277,243 SVs, ranging from 1bp to 23kbp in assembled regions of both genomes. Meanwhile, the researchers performed validation using computational and experimental methods and the results indicated a high accuracy of detection. They also carried out characterization of genome-wide patterns of these SVs on different genomic features and studied their potential biological impacts. Profiling using 106 individuals of the 1000 Genomes Project indicates that the extent of diversity in SVs between individuals exceeds that of SNPs. These findings demonstrate whole genome de novo assembly could serve as a new solution to a more comprehensive SV map.
"Here we provide a new method, at a relatively low cost and high speed, to establish in greater detail the presence and patterns of SVs in different genomes, and the results have a high accuracy and a wider range of length spectrum coverage in comparison with previous methods," said Honglong Wu, bioinformatician at BGI and one senior author of the study.
Furthermore, researchers reported, SVs are more individual-specific than SNPs, which may play a significant role underlying the phenotypic differences between individuals. "This study makes us understand we need to consider all kinds of genetic variations and potential differences in their impacts on disease and various other phenotypes in medical genomics studies in the future." added Yingrui Li.
Professor Jun Wang, Executive Director of BGI, said, "With further progresses in de novo assembling by new technologies, assembly-based approaches will be of greater importance and potentially an ultimate solution to SV determination. The study of SVs is likely to attract even more attention in the future."
This study also reveals that de novo assembly can develop more complete personal genomes than resequencing based mapping. Researchers recommend using de novo sequencing technology to decode many more human genomes in the future.
Story Source:
The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Beijing Genomics Institute.
Journal Reference:
1. Yingrui Li, Hancheng Zheng, Ruibang Luo, Honglong Wu, Hongmei Zhu, Ruiqiang Li, Hongzhi Cao, Boxin Wu, Shujia Huang, Haojing Shao, Hanzhou Ma, Fan Zhang, Shuijian Feng, Wei Zhang, Hongli Du, Geng Tian, Jingxiang Li, Xiuqing Zhang, Songgang Li, Lars Bolund, Karsten Kristiansen, Adam J de Smith, Alexandra I F Blakemore, Lachlan J M Coin, Huanming Yang, Jian Wang, Jun Wang. Structural variation in two human genomes mapped at single-nucleotide resolution by whole genome de novo assembly. Nature Biotechnology, 2011; DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1904
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Structural variation in two human genomes mapped a... [Nat Biotechnol. 2011] - PubMed result
Structural variation in two human genomes mapped a... [Nat Biotechnol. 2011] - PubMed result: "Nat Biotechnol. 2011 Jul 24. doi: 10.1038/nbt.1904. [Epub ahead of print]
Structural variation in two human genomes mapped at single-nucleotide resolution by whole genome de novo assembly.
Li Y, Zheng H, Luo R, Wu H, Zhu H, Li R, Cao H, Wu B, Huang S, Shao H, Ma H, Zhang F, Feng S, Zhang W, Du H, Tian G, Li J, Zhang X, Li S, Bolund L, Kristiansen K, de Smith AJ, Blakemore AI, Coin LJ, Yang H, Wang J, Wang J.
Source
1] BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. [2].
Abstract
Here we use whole-genome de novo assembly of second-generation sequencing reads to map structural variation (SV) in an Asian genome and an African genome. Our approach identifies small- and intermediate-size homozygous variants (1-50 kb) including insertions, deletions, inversions and their precise breakpoints, and in contrast to other methods, can resolve complex rearrangements. In total, we identified 277,243 SVs ranging in length from 1-23 kb. Validation using computational and experimental methods suggests that we achieve overall <6% false-positive rate and <10% false-negative rate in genomic regions that can be assembled, which outperforms other methods. Analysis of the SVs in the genomes of 106 individuals sequenced as part of the 1000 Genomes Project suggests that SVs account for a greater fraction of the diversity between individuals than do single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These findings demonstrate that whole-genome de novo assembly is a feasible approach to deriving more comprehensive maps of genetic variation.
PMID:
21785424
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Li Y, Zheng H, Luo R, Wu H, Zhu H, Li R, Cao H, Wu B, Huang S, Shao H, Ma H, Zhang F, Feng S, Zhang W, Du H, Tian G, Li J, Zhang X, Li S, Bolund L, Kristiansen K, de Smith AJ, Blakemore AI, Coin LJ, Yang H, Wang J, Wang J.
Source
1] BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. [2].
Abstract
Here we use whole-genome de novo assembly of second-generation sequencing reads to map structural variation (SV) in an Asian genome and an African genome. Our approach identifies small- and intermediate-size homozygous variants (1-50 kb) including insertions, deletions, inversions and their precise breakpoints, and in contrast to other methods, can resolve complex rearrangements. In total, we identified 277,243 SVs ranging in length from 1-23 kb. Validation using computational and experimental methods suggests that we achieve overall <6% false-positive rate and <10% false-negative rate in genomic regions that can be assembled, which outperforms other methods. Analysis of the SVs in the genomes of 106 individuals sequenced as part of the 1000 Genomes Project suggests that SVs account for a greater fraction of the diversity between individuals than do single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These findings demonstrate that whole-genome de novo assembly is a feasible approach to deriving more comprehensive maps of genetic variation.
PMID:
21785424
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Massive Project to Study the Link between Genetics and Health - Technology Review
full=text ►Massive Project to Study the Link between Genetics and Health - Technology Review: "Biomedicine
Massive Project to Study the Link between Genetics and Health
Kaiser Permanente has compiled the genetic and medical data of 100,000 of its members.
* Tuesday, July 26, 2011
* By Emily Singer
Most health insurers are wary of genetics because, in most cases, it's not yet clear how a particular genetic variation influences an individual's health, or whether it should affect their care.
Now Kaiser Permanente, the nation's largest nonprofit health plan, has announced that it's finished the first phase of a massive project to compile genetic, medical, and environmental information for 100,000 of its members. Researchers also analyzed the length of participants' telomeres—a molecule structure at the tip of the chromosome that has been linked to aging. This represents the largest telomere study to date.
The resulting data, gathered in collaboration with the University of California, San Francisco, will soon be available to outside researchers who study how different genetic and environmental factors influence disease. It took about 15 months for the team to collect and analyze the genomes of 100,000 people ranging in age from 18 to 107. The team used gene microarrays—small chips designed to quickly detect hundreds of thousands of genetic variations across the genome.
While genetic studies have been done on this scale before, they focused on one or a few diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease. The Kaiser project is unusual in that it includes years of comprehensive medical information—including blood-test results, medications, and other conditions—in the form of electronic health records. (Kaiser was one of the earliest adopters of electronic medical records in the United States.)
Advertisement
'The computerized data goes back 15 years,' says Neil Risch, a statistical geneticist at UCSF who co-led the study. 'It's not like we have 100,000 blood-pressure measurements—it's closer to a million.' By combining that information with prescriptions, for example, researchers could examine how genetics influence blood pressure and the effectiveness of medication.
Researchers will also incorporate environmental data, such as air-quality and water-quality records, based on knowledge of where participants lived and when.
Because the average age of the participants in the study is 65, 'we think some of the most interesting initial questions will relate to aging,' says Cathy Schaefer, executive director of the Kaiser Permanente Program on Genes, Environment, and Health, and a co-leader on the project. 'Specifically, are there genetic and environmental influences that lead to people living to a ripe old age without serious problems?'
Researchers will continue to follow participants as long as they continue to receive health care from Kaiser. They can examine, for example, how accurately telomere length can predict longevity or healthy aging.
Genetic studies such as these have often raised privacy issues—the concern is that individual participants could be identified and their data misused. In this case, because the health-plan provider is involved in the research, the fear is that Kaiser could use genetic information to alter rates or drop some members. But this type of discrimination is outlawed by the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act, passed in 2008. In addition, research participants' information has special protection under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
Patrick Taylor, a fellow at Harvard Law School's Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, says he is not concerned about privacy issues in this case, in part because the project has oversight from the National Institutes of Health. (The project was funded by a two-year $24.8 million grant from the NIH.) In addition, Kaiser has a long history of commitment to its members, says Taylor, who has studied the organization.
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Massive Project to Study the Link between Genetics and Health
Kaiser Permanente has compiled the genetic and medical data of 100,000 of its members.
* Tuesday, July 26, 2011
* By Emily Singer
Most health insurers are wary of genetics because, in most cases, it's not yet clear how a particular genetic variation influences an individual's health, or whether it should affect their care.
Now Kaiser Permanente, the nation's largest nonprofit health plan, has announced that it's finished the first phase of a massive project to compile genetic, medical, and environmental information for 100,000 of its members. Researchers also analyzed the length of participants' telomeres—a molecule structure at the tip of the chromosome that has been linked to aging. This represents the largest telomere study to date.
The resulting data, gathered in collaboration with the University of California, San Francisco, will soon be available to outside researchers who study how different genetic and environmental factors influence disease. It took about 15 months for the team to collect and analyze the genomes of 100,000 people ranging in age from 18 to 107. The team used gene microarrays—small chips designed to quickly detect hundreds of thousands of genetic variations across the genome.
While genetic studies have been done on this scale before, they focused on one or a few diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease. The Kaiser project is unusual in that it includes years of comprehensive medical information—including blood-test results, medications, and other conditions—in the form of electronic health records. (Kaiser was one of the earliest adopters of electronic medical records in the United States.)
Advertisement
'The computerized data goes back 15 years,' says Neil Risch, a statistical geneticist at UCSF who co-led the study. 'It's not like we have 100,000 blood-pressure measurements—it's closer to a million.' By combining that information with prescriptions, for example, researchers could examine how genetics influence blood pressure and the effectiveness of medication.
Researchers will also incorporate environmental data, such as air-quality and water-quality records, based on knowledge of where participants lived and when.
Because the average age of the participants in the study is 65, 'we think some of the most interesting initial questions will relate to aging,' says Cathy Schaefer, executive director of the Kaiser Permanente Program on Genes, Environment, and Health, and a co-leader on the project. 'Specifically, are there genetic and environmental influences that lead to people living to a ripe old age without serious problems?'
Researchers will continue to follow participants as long as they continue to receive health care from Kaiser. They can examine, for example, how accurately telomere length can predict longevity or healthy aging.
Genetic studies such as these have often raised privacy issues—the concern is that individual participants could be identified and their data misused. In this case, because the health-plan provider is involved in the research, the fear is that Kaiser could use genetic information to alter rates or drop some members. But this type of discrimination is outlawed by the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act, passed in 2008. In addition, research participants' information has special protection under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
Patrick Taylor, a fellow at Harvard Law School's Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, says he is not concerned about privacy issues in this case, in part because the project has oversight from the National Institutes of Health. (The project was funded by a two-year $24.8 million grant from the NIH.) In addition, Kaiser has a long history of commitment to its members, says Taylor, who has studied the organization.
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Research Activities, August 2011: Announcements: Signups soar for AHRQ's popular CME courses
Research Activities, August 2011: Announcements: Signups soar for AHRQ's popular CME courses: "Announcements
Signups soar for AHRQ's popular CME courses
One hundred years ago, students could enter dozens of medical schools after completing less than 4 years of high school. Even Harvard Medical School admitted some students without an undergraduate degree. With a few notable exceptions, most medical training was considered mediocre. And if you wanted to continue your formal studies after medical school, you were on your own.
For today's health professionals, getting into college is competitive. But education doesn't stop—and can't stop—with a degree. Continuing education isn't an extra. It's a requirement.
In 2010, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) began offering Continuing Medical Education/Continuing Education (CME/CE) credits through its Effective Health Care Program. Free credit classes are available to physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, and other health professionals. Content for the courses comes from comparative effectiveness reviews, which provide systematic appraisals of scientific evidence on common conditions such as arthritis, high cholesterol, and diabetes. The reviews are part of the growing field of patient-centered outcomes research, also called comparative effectiveness research, which evaluates the benefits and harms of treatment options.
The Program's first CME/CE modules were created by the John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science at Baylor College of Medicine. In 2011, with funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the Agency expanded online courses through a contract with PRIME Education, Inc., a medical education provider. In addition, Total Therapeutic Management provides in-person accredited CME/CE to clinicians in their offices.
'We didn't know what to expect when we first started,' said Kathleen Moreo, R.N., president of PRIME. 'We found that clinicians seek this type of unbiased education.' Indeed, within 60 days of its first CME/CE modules being released, PRIME issued more than 1,000 CME/CE certificates.
Every person who receives a certificate also participates in a post-test. Michael Fordis, M.D., director of the Eisenberg Center, said 'We found that 95 percent of clinicians who complete the CME find them relevant to their practice and about 55 percent find them very relevant.'
This isn't surprising to Frank Urbano, M.D., medical director of care coordination at Cooper University Hospital in Camden, NJ. He recently completed a course comparing treatments for patients with type 2 diabetes. 'A lot of CME courses come from commercial interests,' said Dr. Urbano. 'They tend to be focused on one particular disease or treatment. The AHRQ classes give you a chance to look at what's out there to treat a condition and how the treatments compare. It gives you an objective measure.'
AHRQ's free CME/CE classes give clinicians another choice to keep current. For more information, go to http://www.ce.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov�or the AHRQ main site: http://www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov, and select the link to CME/CE courses.
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Signups soar for AHRQ's popular CME courses
One hundred years ago, students could enter dozens of medical schools after completing less than 4 years of high school. Even Harvard Medical School admitted some students without an undergraduate degree. With a few notable exceptions, most medical training was considered mediocre. And if you wanted to continue your formal studies after medical school, you were on your own.
For today's health professionals, getting into college is competitive. But education doesn't stop—and can't stop—with a degree. Continuing education isn't an extra. It's a requirement.
In 2010, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) began offering Continuing Medical Education/Continuing Education (CME/CE) credits through its Effective Health Care Program. Free credit classes are available to physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, and other health professionals. Content for the courses comes from comparative effectiveness reviews, which provide systematic appraisals of scientific evidence on common conditions such as arthritis, high cholesterol, and diabetes. The reviews are part of the growing field of patient-centered outcomes research, also called comparative effectiveness research, which evaluates the benefits and harms of treatment options.
The Program's first CME/CE modules were created by the John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science at Baylor College of Medicine. In 2011, with funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the Agency expanded online courses through a contract with PRIME Education, Inc., a medical education provider. In addition, Total Therapeutic Management provides in-person accredited CME/CE to clinicians in their offices.
'We didn't know what to expect when we first started,' said Kathleen Moreo, R.N., president of PRIME. 'We found that clinicians seek this type of unbiased education.' Indeed, within 60 days of its first CME/CE modules being released, PRIME issued more than 1,000 CME/CE certificates.
Every person who receives a certificate also participates in a post-test. Michael Fordis, M.D., director of the Eisenberg Center, said 'We found that 95 percent of clinicians who complete the CME find them relevant to their practice and about 55 percent find them very relevant.'
This isn't surprising to Frank Urbano, M.D., medical director of care coordination at Cooper University Hospital in Camden, NJ. He recently completed a course comparing treatments for patients with type 2 diabetes. 'A lot of CME courses come from commercial interests,' said Dr. Urbano. 'They tend to be focused on one particular disease or treatment. The AHRQ classes give you a chance to look at what's out there to treat a condition and how the treatments compare. It gives you an objective measure.'
AHRQ's free CME/CE classes give clinicians another choice to keep current. For more information, go to http://www.ce.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov�or the AHRQ main site: http://www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov, and select the link to CME/CE courses.
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Effects of Rift Valley Fever, United States | CDC EID::Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
full-text ►Effects of Rift Valley Fever, United States | CDC EID: "EID Journal Home > Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
Online Report
Potential Effects of Rift Valley Fever in the United States
David M. Hartley, Jennifer L. Rinderknecht, Comments to Author Terry L. Nipp,1 Neville P. Clarke,1 Gary D. Snowder,1 and the National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense Advisory Group on Rift Valley Fever2
Author Affiliations: Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA (D.M. Hartley); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA (D.M. Hartley); National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense, College Station, Texas, USA (T. L. Nipp, J. L. Rinderknecht, G. D. Snowder); and Texas &M University, College Station (N.P. Clarke)
Suggested citation for this article
Workshop Summary
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) has been the cause of disease outbreaks throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, and the infection often results in heavy economic costs through loss of livestock. If RVFV, which is common to select agent lists of the US Department of Health and Human Services and the US Department of Agriculture, entered the United States, either by accidental or purposeful means, the effects could be substantial. A group of subject matter experts met in December 2009 to discuss potential implications of an introduction of RVF to the United States and review current modeling capabilities. This workshop followed a similar meeting held in April 2007. This report summarizes the 2 workshop proceedings. Discussions primarily highlighted gaps in current economic and epidemiologic RVF models as well as gaps in the overall epidemiology of the virus.
Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense Workshops
The potential effects on both human and animal health and the US economy from foreign animal and zoonotic disease (FAZD) threats is clear. The National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense (FAZD Center) was founded in April 2004 to defend the United States from FAZD threats. One such threat is the accidental or deliberate introduction of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). This article reports on 2 FAZD Center workshops (in April 2007 and November 2009) that reviewed the status of US vulnerability to RVF and mitigation modeling and identified information and technology gaps. Workshop discussion centered on relevant biology and management strategies to include in RVF epidemiologic models, important effects to include in economic models of RVF consequences, and ways to integrate epidemic and economic models. Each major topic of discussion is summarized below.
Disease Cycle
RVFV is transmitted to livestock and human hosts primarily by biting vectors and handling of infected animals by persons. In Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, competent vectors include numerous Aedes and Culex spp. mosquitoes. Recent competence studies have found that competent vectors in both genera exist in the United States (1). Field observations indicate that RVFV is vertically maintained during dry periods in the eggs of floodwater Aedes spp. mosquitoes, although transovarial transmission has not been observed in laboratory experiments (2). Workshop participants recommended that an earlier hypothesis regarding an RVFV sandfly/rodent cycle be studied further (3,4). Given the hardiness of Aedes spp. eggs, which have been found to remain viable in African soil for years, if RVFV were to be introduced into the United States, eradicating it may be difficult or impossible (5). Climatic, environmental, and ecologic factors such as the creation of larval mosquito habitat by above-normal amounts of rainfall are well-known antecedent events for African outbreaks, but the timing and interaction of these variables in the United States are unknown. Participants also noted that human morbidity and mortality rates in the United States may be different from those observed in rural Africa.
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Suggested Citation for this Article
Hartley DM, Rinderknecht JL, Nipp TL, Clarke NP, Snowder GD; National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense Advisory Group. Potential effects of Rift Valley fever in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2011 Aug [date cited]. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/17/8/101088.htm
DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.101088
Comments to the Authors
Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address:
Jennifer Rinderknecht, National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense (FAZD Center), 1500 Research Pkwy, Suite B130, College Station, TX77843-2129, USA; email: jlrinderknecht@ag.tamu.edu
Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
Online Report
Potential Effects of Rift Valley Fever in the United States
David M. Hartley, Jennifer L. Rinderknecht, Comments to Author Terry L. Nipp,1 Neville P. Clarke,1 Gary D. Snowder,1 and the National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense Advisory Group on Rift Valley Fever2
Author Affiliations: Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA (D.M. Hartley); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA (D.M. Hartley); National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense, College Station, Texas, USA (T. L. Nipp, J. L. Rinderknecht, G. D. Snowder); and Texas &M University, College Station (N.P. Clarke)
Suggested citation for this article
Workshop Summary
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) has been the cause of disease outbreaks throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, and the infection often results in heavy economic costs through loss of livestock. If RVFV, which is common to select agent lists of the US Department of Health and Human Services and the US Department of Agriculture, entered the United States, either by accidental or purposeful means, the effects could be substantial. A group of subject matter experts met in December 2009 to discuss potential implications of an introduction of RVF to the United States and review current modeling capabilities. This workshop followed a similar meeting held in April 2007. This report summarizes the 2 workshop proceedings. Discussions primarily highlighted gaps in current economic and epidemiologic RVF models as well as gaps in the overall epidemiology of the virus.
Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense Workshops
The potential effects on both human and animal health and the US economy from foreign animal and zoonotic disease (FAZD) threats is clear. The National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense (FAZD Center) was founded in April 2004 to defend the United States from FAZD threats. One such threat is the accidental or deliberate introduction of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). This article reports on 2 FAZD Center workshops (in April 2007 and November 2009) that reviewed the status of US vulnerability to RVF and mitigation modeling and identified information and technology gaps. Workshop discussion centered on relevant biology and management strategies to include in RVF epidemiologic models, important effects to include in economic models of RVF consequences, and ways to integrate epidemic and economic models. Each major topic of discussion is summarized below.
Disease Cycle
RVFV is transmitted to livestock and human hosts primarily by biting vectors and handling of infected animals by persons. In Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, competent vectors include numerous Aedes and Culex spp. mosquitoes. Recent competence studies have found that competent vectors in both genera exist in the United States (1). Field observations indicate that RVFV is vertically maintained during dry periods in the eggs of floodwater Aedes spp. mosquitoes, although transovarial transmission has not been observed in laboratory experiments (2). Workshop participants recommended that an earlier hypothesis regarding an RVFV sandfly/rodent cycle be studied further (3,4). Given the hardiness of Aedes spp. eggs, which have been found to remain viable in African soil for years, if RVFV were to be introduced into the United States, eradicating it may be difficult or impossible (5). Climatic, environmental, and ecologic factors such as the creation of larval mosquito habitat by above-normal amounts of rainfall are well-known antecedent events for African outbreaks, but the timing and interaction of these variables in the United States are unknown. Participants also noted that human morbidity and mortality rates in the United States may be different from those observed in rural Africa.
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Suggested Citation for this Article
Hartley DM, Rinderknecht JL, Nipp TL, Clarke NP, Snowder GD; National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense Advisory Group. Potential effects of Rift Valley fever in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2011 Aug [date cited]. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/17/8/101088.htm
DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.101088
Comments to the Authors
Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address:
Jennifer Rinderknecht, National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense (FAZD Center), 1500 Research Pkwy, Suite B130, College Station, TX77843-2129, USA; email: jlrinderknecht@ag.tamu.edu
ASFV p72 Genotype IX in Domestic Pigs | CDC EID::Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
full-text ►ASFV p72 Genotype IX in Domestic Pigs | CDC EID: "EID Journal Home > Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
Dispatch
African Swine Fever Virus p72 Genotype IX in Domestic Pigs, Congo, 2009
Carmina Gallardo, Comments to Author Raquel Anchuelo, Virginia Pelayo, Frédéric Poudevigne, Tati Leon, Jacques Nzoussi, Richard Bishop, Covadonga Pérez, Alejandro Soler, Raquel Nieto, Hilario Martín, and Marisa Arias
Author affiliations: Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain (C. Gallardo, V. Pelayo, C. Pérez, A. Soler, R. Nieto, H. Martín, M. Arias); International Livestock Research Institute, Kabete, Nairobi, Kenya (R. Anchuelo, R. Bishop); United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Bamako, Mali (F. Poudevigne); and Conseiller à l'Elevage du Ministre de l'Agriculture et de l'Elevage, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo (T. Leon, J. Nzoussi)
Suggested citation for this article
Abstract
African swine fever virus p72 genotype IX, associated with outbreaks in eastern Africa, is cocirculating in the Republic of the Congo with West African genotype I. Data suggest that viruses from eastern Africa are moving into western Africa, increasing the threat of outbreaks caused by novel viruses in this region.
African swine fever (ASF) is a serious disease of domestic pigs caused by a DNA arbovirus (African swine fever virus [ASFV]) belonging to the family Asfaviridae (1). Its highly contagious nature and ability to spread over long distances make it 1 of the most feared diseases of pigs; it causes devastating effects on pig production as manifested in the Caucasus since its introduction from southeastern Africa during 2007 (2). Considerable spread of ASF has been reported in western Africa during the past 20 years, and, except for in Côte d'Ivoire, the disease remains endemic (3). Because discernible ASFV serotypes are lacking, the field strains are grouped genetically by using sequencing of the C-terminus of the p72 protein, which discriminates 22 genotypes (4,5). Genotype I is historically associated with outbreaks in western Africa, whereas viruses from southern and eastern Africa have higher heterogeneity, with all 22 known genotypes having been recorded within the region (5–7).
The Republic of the Congo, located in western-central sub-Saharan Africa, shares borders with the Cabinda enclave of Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Cameroon, and Gabon. The last ASF outbreaks in Congo were reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) during 2003. Since then, the disease has been officially declared endemic but without quantitative data. Sampling and characterization of currently circulating field strains from this region of western-central Africa are needed to fully understand virus spread and maintenance. Such data will have implications for regional control in western Africa.
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Suggested Citation for this Article
Gallardo C, Anchuelo R, Pelayo V, Poudevigne F, Leon T, Nzoussi J, et al. African swine fever virus p72 genotype IX in domestic pigs, Congo, 2009. Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2011 Aug [date cited]. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/17/8/101877.htm
DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.101877
Comments to the Authors
Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address:
Carmina Gallardo, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Ctra Algete el Casar s/n. Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; email: gallardo@inia.es
Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
Dispatch
African Swine Fever Virus p72 Genotype IX in Domestic Pigs, Congo, 2009
Author affiliations: Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain (C. Gallardo, V. Pelayo, C. Pérez, A. Soler, R. Nieto, H. Martín, M. Arias); International Livestock Research Institute, Kabete, Nairobi, Kenya (R. Anchuelo, R. Bishop); United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Bamako, Mali (F. Poudevigne); and Conseiller à l'Elevage du Ministre de l'Agriculture et de l'Elevage, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo (T. Leon, J. Nzoussi)
Suggested citation for this article
Abstract
African swine fever virus p72 genotype IX, associated with outbreaks in eastern Africa, is cocirculating in the Republic of the Congo with West African genotype I. Data suggest that viruses from eastern Africa are moving into western Africa, increasing the threat of outbreaks caused by novel viruses in this region.
African swine fever (ASF) is a serious disease of domestic pigs caused by a DNA arbovirus (African swine fever virus [ASFV]) belonging to the family Asfaviridae (1). Its highly contagious nature and ability to spread over long distances make it 1 of the most feared diseases of pigs; it causes devastating effects on pig production as manifested in the Caucasus since its introduction from southeastern Africa during 2007 (2). Considerable spread of ASF has been reported in western Africa during the past 20 years, and, except for in Côte d'Ivoire, the disease remains endemic (3). Because discernible ASFV serotypes are lacking, the field strains are grouped genetically by using sequencing of the C-terminus of the p72 protein, which discriminates 22 genotypes (4,5). Genotype I is historically associated with outbreaks in western Africa, whereas viruses from southern and eastern Africa have higher heterogeneity, with all 22 known genotypes having been recorded within the region (5–7).
The Republic of the Congo, located in western-central sub-Saharan Africa, shares borders with the Cabinda enclave of Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Cameroon, and Gabon. The last ASF outbreaks in Congo were reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) during 2003. Since then, the disease has been officially declared endemic but without quantitative data. Sampling and characterization of currently circulating field strains from this region of western-central Africa are needed to fully understand virus spread and maintenance. Such data will have implications for regional control in western Africa.
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Suggested Citation for this Article
Gallardo C, Anchuelo R, Pelayo V, Poudevigne F, Leon T, Nzoussi J, et al. African swine fever virus p72 genotype IX in domestic pigs, Congo, 2009. Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2011 Aug [date cited]. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/17/8/101877.htm
DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.101877
Comments to the Authors
Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address:
Carmina Gallardo, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Ctra Algete el Casar s/n. Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; email: gallardo@inia.es
Confirmation of Norovirus Outbreaks | CDC EID::Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
full-text ►Confirmation of Norovirus Outbreaks | CDC EID: "EID Journal Home > Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
Dispatch
Specimen Collection and Confirmation of Norovirus Outbreaks1
Melissa S. Plantenga, Beletshachew Shiferaw, William E. Keene, Christianne Biggs, James M. Terry, LaDonna Grenz, and Paul R. Cieslak Comments to Author
Author affiliation: Oregon Department of Human Services, Portland, Oregon, USA
Suggested citation for this article
Abstract
We evaluated data from gastroenteritis outbreaks in Oregon to assess sensitivity of stool testing for norovirus and determine number of specimens needed to confirm norovirus as the cause. Norovirus can be readily confirmed if 3–6 specimens are collected any time <7 days after onset of diarrhea and for almost that long after symptoms resolve.
One goal of any outbreak investigation is to identify the causative pathogen (1). In a recent analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States during 2006, only 49% had a confirmed causative pathogen (2). A review of foodborne disease outbreaks investigated in the 10-site Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network during 1998–1999 found that an etiologic agent was identified for only 29% (3). The major limitation in identifying etiologic agents was a lack of specimens; no stool specimens were collected in two thirds of the unconfirmed outbreaks.
In Oregon, outbreaks of illness are reportable to public health authorities, who investigate to determine the causative pathogen and means of transmission and to implement control measures accordingly. Obtaining stool specimens within 3 days of onset has been recommended (4), but carrying out this recommendation is frequently not feasible.
Since 1999, specimens from case-patients in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis have been tested for norovirus at the Oregon State Public Health Laboratory. Noroviruses are a group of related, nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. We reviewed Oregon data to assess the sensitivity of stool testing for norovirus at different times after illness onset and to determine the number of specimens needed to ensure a high probability of confirming a norovirus outbreak.
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Suggested Citation for this Article
Plantenga MS, Shiferaw B, Keene WE, Biggs C, Terry JM, Grenz L. Speciman collection and confirmation of norovirus outbreaks. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2011 Aug [date cited]. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/17/8/101815.htm
DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.101815
1Preliminary report presented at the 2004 International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases, February 29–March 3, 2004, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (abstract no. 244).
Comments to the Authors
Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address:
Paul R. Cieslak, Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention, 800 NE Oregon St, Suite 772, Portland, OR 97232, USA; email: paul.r.cieslak@state.or.us
Volume 17, Number 8–August 2011
Dispatch
Specimen Collection and Confirmation of Norovirus Outbreaks1
Melissa S. Plantenga, Beletshachew Shiferaw, William E. Keene, Christianne Biggs, James M. Terry, LaDonna Grenz, and Paul R. Cieslak Comments to Author
Author affiliation: Oregon Department of Human Services, Portland, Oregon, USA
Suggested citation for this article
Abstract
We evaluated data from gastroenteritis outbreaks in Oregon to assess sensitivity of stool testing for norovirus and determine number of specimens needed to confirm norovirus as the cause. Norovirus can be readily confirmed if 3–6 specimens are collected any time <7 days after onset of diarrhea and for almost that long after symptoms resolve.
One goal of any outbreak investigation is to identify the causative pathogen (1). In a recent analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States during 2006, only 49% had a confirmed causative pathogen (2). A review of foodborne disease outbreaks investigated in the 10-site Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network during 1998–1999 found that an etiologic agent was identified for only 29% (3). The major limitation in identifying etiologic agents was a lack of specimens; no stool specimens were collected in two thirds of the unconfirmed outbreaks.
In Oregon, outbreaks of illness are reportable to public health authorities, who investigate to determine the causative pathogen and means of transmission and to implement control measures accordingly. Obtaining stool specimens within 3 days of onset has been recommended (4), but carrying out this recommendation is frequently not feasible.
Since 1999, specimens from case-patients in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis have been tested for norovirus at the Oregon State Public Health Laboratory. Noroviruses are a group of related, nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. We reviewed Oregon data to assess the sensitivity of stool testing for norovirus at different times after illness onset and to determine the number of specimens needed to ensure a high probability of confirming a norovirus outbreak.
- Enviado mediante la barra Google"
Suggested Citation for this Article
Plantenga MS, Shiferaw B, Keene WE, Biggs C, Terry JM, Grenz L. Speciman collection and confirmation of norovirus outbreaks. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2011 Aug [date cited]. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/17/8/101815.htm
DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.101815
1Preliminary report presented at the 2004 International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases, February 29–March 3, 2004, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (abstract no. 244).
Comments to the Authors
Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address:
Paul R. Cieslak, Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention, 800 NE Oregon St, Suite 772, Portland, OR 97232, USA; email: paul.r.cieslak@state.or.us